How to format your references using the Contemporary Arab Affairs citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Contemporary Arab Affairs. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dobson, Andrew P. 2005. “Virology. What Links Bats to Emerging Infectious Diseases?” Science (New York, N.Y.) 310 (5748): 628–629.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lea, Amanda M., and Michael J. Ryan. 2015. “SEXUAL SELECTION. Irrationality in Mate Choice Revealed by Túngara Frogs.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 349 (6251): 964–966.

A journal article with 3 authors

Katsanis, S. H., G. Javitt, and K. Hudson. 2008. “Public Health. A Case Study of Personalized Medicine.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 320 (5872): 53–54.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Iess, L., W. M. Folkner, D. Durante, M. Parisi, Y. Kaspi, E. Galanti, T. Guillot, et al. 2018. “Measurement of Jupiter’s Asymmetric Gravity Field.” Nature 555 (7695): 220–222.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stephanie Hammer. 2013. Architects of Electronic Trading. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Gupta, Jatinder N. D. 2006. Intelligent Decision-Making Support Systems: Foundations, Applications and Challenges. Edited by Guisseppi A. Forgionne and Manuel Mora T. Decision Engineering. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Rahmandoust, Moones, and Majid R. Ayatollahi. 2016. “CNT-Based Nanocomposites.” In Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Based Composites under Consideration of Defects, edited by Majid R. Ayatollahi, 117–175. Advanced Structured Materials. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Contemporary Arab Affairs.

Blog post

Carpineti, Alfredo. 2016. “New Photo Shows The Dark Side Of Pluto.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-photo-shows-the-dark-side-of-pluto/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2006. Information Technology: Status and Challenges of Employee Exchange Program. GAO-07-216. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wasserman, Melissa M. 2017. “Psychological Symptoms, Family Functioning, and Religious Coping in Second- and Third-Generation Holocaust Survivors.” Doctoral dissertation, Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McMORROW, Ryan, and Michael Forsythe. 2017. “Chinese Tech Tycoon to Leave Troubled Company.” New York Times, July 6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dobson 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Dobson 2005; Lea and Ryan 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lea and Ryan 2015)
Three authors: (Katsanis, Javitt, and Hudson 2008)
4 or more authors: (Iess et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Contemporary Arab Affairs
Abbreviation	Contemp. Arab Aff.
ISSN (print)	1755-0912
ISSN (online)	1755-0920
Scope	Cultural Studies Political Science and International Relations

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