How to format your references using the Journalism Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journalism Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hellemans, Alexander. 2002. “Getting into Good Company.” Nature 416 (6883): 5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Blondin, John M., and Anthony Mezzacappa. 2007. “Pulsar Spins from an Instability in the Accretion Shock of Supernovae.” Nature 445 (7123): 58–60.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mehta, M. R., A. K. Lee, and M. A. Wilson. 2002. “Role of Experience and Oscillations in Transforming a Rate Code into a Temporal Code.” Nature 417 (6890): 741–746.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Selker, Eric U., Nikolaos A. Tountas, Sally H. Cross, Brian S. Margolin, Jonathan G. Murphy, Adrian P. Bird, and Michael Freitag. 2003. “The Methylated Component of the Neurospora Crassa Genome.” Nature 422 (6934): 893–897.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Krasner, David. 2011. A History of Modern Drama. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Utsumi, Ryutaro, ed. 2008. Bacterial Signal Transduction: Networks and Drug Targets. Vol. 631. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Surovell, Todd A., and Nicole M. Waguespack. 2009. “Human Prey Choice in the Late Pleistocene and Its Relation to Megafaunal Extinctions.” In American Megafaunal Extinctions at the End of the Pleistocene, edited by Gary Haynes, 77–105. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journalism Practice.

Blog post

Hale, Tom. 2016. “‘Biohackers’ Show How To Make An EpiPen For $30.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/biohackers-show-how-to-make-an-epipen-for-30/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1989. Actions to Mitigate Aircraft Noise at Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport. T-RCED-90-4. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moncur, Honey Belinda. 2014. “Exploring Primary Caregivers’ Perceptions of the Effects of Secondhand Marijuana Smoke on Children: A Quantitative Study.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), Sophia Kishkovsky. 2002. “World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Putin Removes Official.” New York Times, January 5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hellemans 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Hellemans 2002; Blondin and Mezzacappa 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Blondin and Mezzacappa 2007)
Three authors: (Mehta, Lee, and Wilson 2002)
4 or more authors: (Selker et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journalism Practice
ISSN (print)	1751-2786
ISSN (online)	1751-2794
Scope	Communication