How to format your references using the Journal of World Systems Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of World Systems Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Peng, Changhui. 2011. “Focus on Quality, Not Just Quantity.” Nature 475(7356):267.

A journal article with 2 authors

Poulet, James F. A., and Carl C. H. Petersen. 2008. “Internal Brain State Regulates Membrane Potential Synchrony in Barrel Cortex of Behaving Mice.” Nature 454(7206):881–85.

A journal article with 3 authors

Harley, Heidi E., Erika A. Putman, and Herbert L. Roitblat. 2003. “Bottlenose Dolphins Perceive Object Features through Echolocation.” Nature 424(6949):667–69.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kerr, Benjamin, Margaret A. Riley, Marcus W. Feldman, and Brendan J. M. Bohannan. 2002. “Local Dispersal Promotes Biodiversity in a Real-Life Game of Rock-Paper-Scissors.” Nature 418(6894):171–74.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sarkar, Tapan K., Magdalena Salazar-Palma, and Eric L. Mokole. 2007. Physics of Multiantenna Systems and Broadband Processing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Nerad, Maresi. 2014. Globalization and Its Impacts on the Quality of PhD Education: Forces and Forms in Doctoral Education Worldwide. edited by B. Evans. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

A chapter in an edited book

Takahashi, Junji, Kosuke Sekiyama, and Toshio Fukuda. 2009. “Cooperative Object Tracking with Mobile Robotic Sensor Network.” Pp. 51–62 in Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems 8, edited by H. Asama, H. Kurokawa, J. Ota, and K. Sekiyama. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of World Systems Research.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. “Seven Sperm Whales Mysteriously Found Dead On Australian Beach.” IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018 (https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/seven-sperm-whales-found-dead-australian-beach/).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2008. Surface Transportation: Restructured Federal Approach Needed for More Focused, Performance-Based, and Sustainable Programs. GAO-08-400. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kinney, Erinna Lea. 2009. “Isolation, Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Analysis of Enterococccus Spp. and Salmonella Spp. from Conventional Poultry Farms Transitioning to Organic Farming Practices.” Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

George, Nelson. 2011. “New Directors Flesh Out Black America, All of It.” New York Times, December 25, AR1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Peng 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Peng 2011; Poulet and Petersen 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Poulet and Petersen 2008)
Three authors: (Harley, Putman, and Roitblat 2003)
4 or more authors: (Kerr et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of World Systems Research
ISSN (print)	1076-156X
Scope