How to format your references using the Journal of Web Semantics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Web Semantics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

H. Brody, Cancer, Nature 509 (2014) S49.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

P.B. Kelemen, G. Hirth, A periodic shear-heating mechanism for intermediate-depth earthquakes in the mantle, Nature 446 (2007) 787–790.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J.M. Tylianakis, T. Tscharntke, O.T. Lewis, Habitat modification alters the structure of tropical host-parasitoid food webs, Nature 445 (2007) 202–205.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J.P. Cowen, S.J. Giovannoni, F. Kenig, H.P. Johnson, D. Butterfield, M.S. Rappé, M. Hutnak, P. Lam, Fluids from aging ocean crust that support microbial life, Science 299 (2003) 120–123.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M. Böhm, Symmetrien in Festkörpern, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG, 2005.

An edited book

[1]

G.H. Barnett, ed., High-Grade Gliomas: Diagnosis and Treatment, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M. Shafique, J. Henkel, Adaptive Low-Power Video Coding, in: J. Henkel (Ed.), Hardware/Software Architectures for Low-Power Embedded Multimedia Systems, Springer, New York, NY, 2011: pp. 69–122.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Web Semantics.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, Natural Selection May Be The Answer To The Cancer Riddle, But Can We Beat Evolution?, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/natural-selection-may-be-the-answer-to-the-cancer-riddle-but-can-we-beat-evolution/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Traffic Congestion: Activities to Reduce Travel Demand and Air Pollution Are Not Widely Implemented, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M. Backfish, Electron Cloud in Steel Beam Pipe vs Titanium Nitride Coated and Amorphous Carbon Coated Beam Pipes in Fermilab’s Main Injector, Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Branch, Even in a Dog Doping Scandal, a Cry of Sabotage, New York Times (2017) B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Web Semantics
Abbreviation	Web Semant.
ISSN (print)	1570-8268
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Human-Computer Interaction Software