How to format your references using the Journal of Virology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Virology (JVI). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jarvis MJ. 2001. Atmospheric science. Bridging the atmospheric divide. Science 293:2218–2219.

A journal article with 2 authors

Libby E, Ratcliff WC. 2014. Evolution. Ratcheting the evolution of multicellularity. Science 346:426–427.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aldaye FA, Palmer AL, Sleiman HF. 2008. Assembling materials with DNA as the guide. Science 321:1795–1799.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Berns DM, Rudner MS, Valenzuela SO, Berggren KK, Oliver WD, Levitov LS, Orlando TP. 2008. Amplitude spectroscopy of a solid-state artificial atom. Nature 455:51–57.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chase CW. 2016. Next Generation Demand Management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

2012. Images in Urology: Diagnosis and Management. Springer, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Sadiki A, Ahmadi W, Chrigui M. 2011. Toward the Impact of Fuel Evaporation-Combustion Interaction on Spray Combustion in Gas Turbine Combustion Chambers. Part II: Influence of High Combustion Temperature on Spray Droplet Evaporation, p. 111–132. In Merci, B, Roekaerts, D, Sadiki, A (eds.), Experiments and Numerical Simulations of Diluted Spray Turbulent Combustion: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Turbulent Spray Combustion. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Virology.

Blog post

Fang J. 2014. Before-and-After Photos of Mars Reveal Largest Fresh Crater Ever. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/and-after-photos-mars-reveal-largest-fresh-crater-ever/. Retrieved 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1978. Administration for Children, Youth, and Families: Need To Better Use Its Research Results and Clarify Its Role. HRD-77-76. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Verret JE. 2019. Property Tax Limitations, School District Revenues, and Equity: Analyses of Pennsylvania’s Act One. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. 2010. Oreos in the (Pancake) Mix. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Virology
Abbreviation	J. Virol.
ISSN (print)	0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
Scope	Insect Science Immunology Microbiology Virology