How to format your references using the Journal of Virology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Virology (JVI). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Osborne J. 2010. Arguing to learn in science: the role of collaborative, critical discourse. Science 328:463–466.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nicewicz DA, MacMillan DWC. 2008. Merging photoredox catalysis with organocatalysis: the direct asymmetric alkylation of aldehydes. Science 322:77–80.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yang L, Garbe DS, Bashaw GJ. 2009. A frazzled/DCC-dependent transcriptional switch regulates midline axon guidance. Science 324:944–947.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Reddien PW, Oviedo NJ, Jennings JR, Jenkin JC, Sánchez Alvarado A. 2005. SMEDWI-2 is a PIWI-like protein that regulates planarian stem cells. Science 310:1327–1330.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mason RP. 2013. Trace Metals in Aquatic Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Bates S. 2007. SharePoint 2007 User’s Guide: Learning Microsoft’s Collaboration and Productivity Platform. Apress, Berkeley, CA.

A chapter in an edited book

Mason JE, Traoré I, Woungang I. 2016. Feature Extraction, p. 53–87. In Traoré, I, Woungang, I (eds.), Machine Learning Techniques for Gait Biometric Recognition: Using the Ground Reaction Force. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Virology.

Blog post

Hale T. 2017. Fearful European Zoos To Cut Off Their Rhinos’ Horns After Paris Poaching Attack. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2016. Emergency Management: Improved Federal Coordination Could Better Assist K-12 Schools Prepare for Emergencies. GAO-16-144. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gomez DA. 2010. System of systems engineering: Prescribing the technical development effort to engineer a constituent system. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M. 2014. To Go Further, Speedskaters Had to Let Go of Their Wheels. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Virology
Abbreviation	J. Virol.
ISSN (print)	0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
Scope	Insect Science Immunology Microbiology Virology