How to format your references using the Journal of Virology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Virology (JVI). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stevens MJ. 2014. Materials science. How shape affects microtubule and nanoparticle assembly. Science 343:981–982.

A journal article with 2 authors

Haq BU, Schutter SR. 2008. A chronology of Paleozoic sea-level changes. Science 322:64–68.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lazzaro BP, Sceurman BK, Clark AG. 2004. Genetic basis of natural variation in D. melanogaster antibacterial immunity. Science 303:1873–1876.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Li H, Linke WA, Oberhauser AF, Carrion-Vazquez M, Kerkvliet JG, Lu H, Marszalek PE, Fernandez JM. 2002. Reverse engineering of the giant muscle protein titin. Nature 418:998–1002.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Plumb JA, Hanson LA. 2010. Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases of Cultured Fishes. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

2013. Transactions on Computational Science XVIII: Special Issue on Cyberworlds. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Hurlburt N, Cheung M, Schrijver C, Chang L, Freeland S, Green S, Heck C, Jaffey A, Kobashi A, Schiff D, Serafin J, Seguin R, Slater G, Somani A, Timmons R. 2012. Heliophysics Event Knowledgebase for the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Beyond, p. 67–78. In Chamberlin, P, Pesnell, WD, Thompson, B (eds.), The Solar Dynamics Observatory. Springer US, New York, NY.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Virology.

Blog post

Andrews R. 2016. Charon’s Cracks Formed During Ancient Near-Misses With Other Worlds. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/charons-cracks-formed-during-ancient-near-misses-other-worlds/. Retrieved 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1997. FCC: Non-Voice, Non-Geostationary Mobile Satellite Service. OGC-98-11. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Skinner M. 2008. Enamel -dentine junction morphology of extant hominoid and fossil hominin lower molars. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Nossiter A, Gladstone R. 2015. Series of Shootings and Blasts, Apparently Coordinated. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Virology
Abbreviation	J. Virol.
ISSN (print)	0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
Scope	Insect Science Immunology Microbiology Virology