How to format your references using the Journal of Virological Methods citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Virological Methods. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kerp, H., 2002. Atmospheric CO2 from fossil plant cuticles. Nature 415, 38.

A journal article with 2 authors

Armitage, A.E., Drakesmith, H., 2014. Genetics. The battle for iron. Science 346, 1299–1300.

A journal article with 3 authors

Volkov, I., Banavar, J.R., Maritan, A., 2006. Comment on “Computational improvements reveal great bacterial diversity and high metal toxicity in soil.” Science 313, 918; author reply 918.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sabri, Y.M., Ippolito, S.J., Tardio, J., Bansal, V., O’Mullane, A.P., Bhargava, S.K., 2014. Gold nanospikes based microsensor as a highly accurate mercury emission monitoring system. Sci. Rep. 4, 6741.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Russell, L.C.R., Hodgetts, C.T.J., Mahoney, C.P.F., Castle, N., 2010. Disaster Rules. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Namatame, A., Kaizouji, T., Aruka, Y. (Eds.), 2006. The Complex Networks of Economic Interactions: Essays in Agent-Based Economics and Econophysics, Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Nunes, B.G., Costa, J.P., Godinho, P., 2013. On the Application of AHP to the Diagnostic of Portuguese SME, in: Hernández, J.E., Liu, S., Delibašić, B., Zaraté, P., Dargam, F., Ribeiro, R. (Eds.), Decision Support Systems II - Recent Developments Applied to DSS Network Environments: Euro Working Group Workshop, EWG-DSS 2012, Liverpool, UK, April 12-13, 2012, and Vilnius, Lithuania, July 8-11, 2012, Revised Selected and Extended Papers, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 57–71.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Virological Methods.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2015. Chimps Can Make Silent Laugh Faces, Just Like Us [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1979. Automated Systems Security--Federal Agencies Should Strengthen Safeguards Over Personal and Other Sensitive Data (No. LCD-78-123). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nelson, P.T., 2008. Sound as a gateway to a personal relationship with nature (Doctoral dissertation). Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G., 2010. Jeter Deal Done; Now Comes Hard Part. New York Times D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kerp, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Armitage and Drakesmith, 2014; Kerp, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Armitage and Drakesmith, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Sabri et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Virological Methods
Abbreviation	J. Virol. Methods
ISSN (print)	0166-0934
Scope	Virology