How to format your references using the Journal of Virological Methods citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Virological Methods. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lucas, R., 2010. Journal club. A neuroscientist explores the network of cells in the retina. Nature 464, 11.

A journal article with 2 authors

Russo, C.J., Passmore, L.A., 2014. Electron microscopy: Ultrastable gold substrates for electron cryomicroscopy. Science 346, 1377–1380.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shapiro, L., McAdams, H.H., Losick, R., 2002. Generating and exploiting polarity in bacteria. Science 298, 1942–1946.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Thomas, A.L., Henderson, G.M., Deschamps, P., Yokoyama, Y., Mason, A.J., Bard, E., Hamelin, B., Durand, N., Camoin, G., 2009. Penultimate deglacial sea-level timing from uranium/thorium dating of Tahitian corals. Science 324, 1186–1189.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Maidl, B., Herrenknecht, M., Maidl, U., Wehrmeyer, G., 2011. Maschineller Tunnelbau im Schildvortrieb. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Nikolopoulos, G.M., Jex, I. (Eds.), 2014. Quantum State Transfer and Network Engineering, Quantum Science and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Jeon, J., Kim, D., Kim, G., 2011. Network-Oriented Intelligent Agent Infrastructure for Internetworking with Guaranteed Quality of Service in High-Speed Network, in: Lee, G., Howard, D., Ślęzak, D. (Eds.), Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology: 5th International Conference, ICHIT 2011, Daejeon, Korea, September 22-24, 2011. Proceedings, Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 23–30.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Virological Methods.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2015. Pigeon Pecking Order Gets Them Home [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/pigeon-pecking-order-gets-them-home/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2013. Building Partner Capacity: Actions Needed to Strengthen DOD Efforts to Assess the Performance of the Regional Centers for Security Studies (No. GAO-13-606). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Razzaghi, M., 2013. Quantum Tunneling in Hydride Transfer Reactions in Solution (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K., 2008. Homey Food That Speaks Of Brazil. New York Times NJ22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lucas, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Lucas, 2010; Russo and Passmore, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Russo and Passmore, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Thomas et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Virological Methods
Abbreviation	J. Virol. Methods
ISSN (print)	0166-0934
Scope	Virology