How to format your references using the Journal of Virological Methods citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Virological Methods. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sarewitz, D., 2014. Allow use of electronic cigarettes to assess risk. Nature 512, 349.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhang, J., Ferré-D’Amaré, A.R., 2013. Co-crystal structure of a T-box riboswitch stem I domain in complex with its cognate tRNA. Nature 500, 363–366.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang, P., Cohen, R.E., Haule, K., 2015. Effects of electron correlations on transport properties of iron at Earth’s core conditions. Nature 517, 605–607.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Agger, K., Cloos, P.A.C., Christensen, J., Pasini, D., Rose, S., Rappsilber, J., Issaeva, I., Canaani, E., Salcini, A.E., Helin, K., 2007. UTX and JMJD3 are histone H3K27 demethylases involved in HOX gene regulation and development. Nature 449, 731–734.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Popescu, D., Gharbi, A., Stefanoiu, D., Borne, P., 2017. Process Control Design for Industrial Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Wong, E.T. (Ed.), 2016. Alternating Electric Fields Therapy in Oncology: A Practical Guide to Clinical Applications of Tumor Treating Fields. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Bhansali, A., Aggarwal, A., Parthan, G., Gogate, Y., 2016. Rickets–Osteomalacia, in: Aggarwal, A., Parthan, G., Gogate, Y. (Eds.), Clinical Rounds in Endocrinology: Volume II - Pediatric Endocrinology. Springer India, New Delhi, pp. 131–170.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Virological Methods.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Elephants Get Really Excited When Others Mate [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/elephants-get-really-excited-when-others-mate/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1998. National Airspace System: FAA Has Implemented Some Free Flight Initiatives, but Challenges Remain (No. RCED-98-246). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Abdeljaber, S.R., 2015. High school mathematics teachers’ perceptions of mathematics education in northwest Florida (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lee, L., 1995. The Whole Earth Is at Stake, but It’s Just a Game. New York Times 223.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sarewitz, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Sarewitz, 2014; Zhang and Ferré-D’Amaré, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zhang and Ferré-D’Amaré, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Agger et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Virological Methods
Abbreviation	J. Virol. Methods
ISSN (print)	0166-0934
Scope	Virology