How to format your references using the Journal of Virological Methods citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Virological Methods. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vicsek, T., 2001. A question of scale. Nature 411, 421.

A journal article with 2 authors

Eichler, E.E., Sankoff, D., 2003. Structural dynamics of eukaryotic chromosome evolution. Science 301, 793–797.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hessa, T., White, S.H., von Heijne, G., 2005. Membrane insertion of a potassium-channel voltage sensor. Science 307, 1427.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Robinson, A.L., Donahue, N.M., Shrivastava, M.K., Weitkamp, E.A., Sage, A.M., Grieshop, A.P., Lane, T.E., Pierce, J.R., Pandis, S.N., 2007. Rethinking organic aerosols: semivolatile emissions and photochemical aging. Science 315, 1259–1262.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Holzman, G., CVT VTS De, Raffel, T., CVT VTS Su, 2015. Surgical Patient Care for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Nguyen, N.T. (Ed.), 2013. Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence XI, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Lewis, P., 2016. In Asia, For the World: Liberal Education and Innovation, in: Kirby, W.C., van der Wende, M.C. (Eds.), Experiences in Liberal Arts and Science Education from America, Europe, and Asia: A Dialogue across Continents. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY, pp. 47–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Virological Methods.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2016. Something Just Put A Dent In One Of Saturn’s Rings [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/something-just-put-a-dent-in-one-of-saturns-rings/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1977. Impoundments of Funds of Energy Research and Development Administration and Department of Commerce (No. OGC-77-17). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pak, C.H., 2015. A study of high-performing at-risk high school students and their perceptions on academic success and achievement (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Oestreich, J.R., 2017. The Harpsichordist With a Chip on His Keyboard. New York Times C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Vicsek, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Eichler and Sankoff, 2003; Vicsek, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Eichler and Sankoff, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Robinson et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Virological Methods
Abbreviation	J. Virol. Methods
ISSN (print)	0166-0934
Scope	Virology