How to format your references using the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kenyon SJ. Astronomy: Pluto leads the way in planet formation. Nature. 2015 Jun 4;522(7554):40–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Takeuchi JK, Bruneau BG. Directed transdifferentiation of mouse mesoderm to heart tissue by defined factors. Nature. 2009 Jun 4;459(7247):708–11.

A journal article with 3 authors

Strick TR, Croquette V, Bensimon D. Single-molecule analysis of DNA uncoiling by a type II topoisomerase. Nature. 2000 Apr 20;404(6780):901–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sikes EL, Samson CR, Guilderson TP, Howard WR. Old radiocarbon ages in the southwest Pacific Ocean during the last glacial period and deglaciation. Nature. 2000 Jun 1;405(6786):555–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ferrant JL, Gilson M, Jobert S, Mayer M, Montini L, Ouellette M, et al. Synchronous Ethernet and IEEE 1588 in Telecoms. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Donelli G, editor. Advances in Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Public Health: Volume 4. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. VI, 125 p. 30 illus. (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology; vol. 932).

A chapter in an edited book

Douglas K, Poletti A. Lost Boys: Child Soldier Memoirs and the Ethics of Reading. In: Poletti A, editor. Life Narratives and Youth Culture: Representation, Agency and Participation. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016. p. 89–117.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Newly Discovered Rocky Planet Expands Our Search For Habitable Worlds. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Aero-Space Plane: Restructuring Future Research and Development Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Dec. Report No.: NSIAD-93-71.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Carley R. Evaluation of the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and hurricanes on wildfires in southeast Louisiana [Doctoral dissertation]. [Mississippi State, MS]: Mississippi State University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Where Culture and Traffic Intersect, a Dispute. New York Times. 2002 Feb 17;146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Vet. Intern. Med.
ISSN (print)	0891-6640
ISSN (online)	1939-1676
Scope	General Veterinary