How to format your references using the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schiermeier Q. Enhanced advisory role urged for former EU nuclear labs. Nature. 2000 Jul 20;406(6793):225.

A journal article with 2 authors

Christensen CH, Nørskov JK. Chemistry. Green gold catalysis. Science. 2010 Jan 15;327(5963):278–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Seiffert ER, Simons EL, Attia Y. Fossil evidence for an ancient divergence of lorises and galagos. Nature. 2003 Mar 27;422(6930):421–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Tumino A, Spitaleri C, La Cognata M, Cherubini S, Guardo GL, Gulino M, et al. An increase in the 12C + 12C fusion rate from resonances at astrophysical energies. Nature. 2018 May;557(7707):687–90.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stull C, Myers P, Scott DM. Tuned In. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

Maroldi R, Nicolai P, editors. Imaging in Treatment Planning for Sinonasal Diseases. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005. XIII, 304 p. 620 illus., 44 illus. in color. (Medical Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging).

A chapter in an edited book

Devonshire-Ellis C, Scott A, Woollard S. China’s Business Taxes. In: Devonshire-Ellis C, Scott A, Woollard S, editors. Setting Up Joint Ventures in China. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 87–105.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Mystery Virus That Turned Millions Of Starfish Into Goo Is Finally Identified [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mystery-virus-turned-millions-starfish-goo-finally-identified/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Proposed Facility Requirements for the National Center for Toxicological Research and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977 Dec. Report No.: HRD-78-29.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Green B. Bullying of Individuals with Disabilities on a College Campus: A Qualitative Study [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Shuttle’s End Leaves NASA A Pension Bill. New York Times. 2011 Jun 15;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Vet. Intern. Med.
ISSN (print)	0891-6640
ISSN (online)	1939-1676
Scope	General Veterinary