How to format your references using the Journal of Ultrasound citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Ultrasound. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Shi P-Y. Structural biology. Unraveling a flavivirus enigma. Science 2014;343:849–50.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Tan S, Lü J. Characterizing the effect of population heterogeneity on evolutionary dynamics on complex networks. Sci Rep 2014;4:5034.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Hayes D, Griffin GB, Engel GS. Response to Comment on “Engineering coherence among excited states in synthetic heterodimer systems.” Science 2014;344:1099.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Dong X, Biswas A, Süel KE, Jackson LK, Martinez R, Gu H, et al. Structural basis for leucine-rich nuclear export signal recognition by CRM1. Nature 2009;458:1136–41.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

DiGrado BD, Thorp GA. The Aboveground Steel Storage Tank Handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

[1]

Argatov I. Contact Mechanics of Articular Cartilage Layers: Asymptotic Models. vol. 50. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Rivas G. Policies and Institutions for Driving Innovation in Latin America. In: Foxley A, Stallings B, editors. Innovation and Inclusion in Latin America: Strategies to Avoid the Middle Income Trap, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016, p. 115–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Ultrasound.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. NASA Funds Program To Turn Poop Into Food. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-funds-program-turn-poop-back-food/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Advanced Airborne Command Post Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Beyer PD. Authentic Leadership in-extremis: A study of combat leadership. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kelly C. New Libraries That Don’t Just Go by the Book. New York Times 2007:WE9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Ultrasound
ISSN (print)	1971-3495
Scope