How to format your references using the Journal of Ultrasound citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Ultrasound. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Freeman M. Feedback control of intercellular signalling in development. Nature 2000;408:313–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Manoli DS, Baker BS. Median bundle neurons coordinate behaviours during Drosophila male courtship. Nature 2004;430:564–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Cortright RD, Davda RR, Dumesic JA. Hydrogen from catalytic reforming of biomass-derived hydrocarbons in liquid water. Nature 2002;418:964–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Campbell AM, Eckdahl TT, Fowlks E, Heyer LJ, Mays Hoopes LL, Ledbetter ML, et al. Collaborative programs. Genome Consortium for Active Teaching (GCAT). Science 2006;311:1103–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Baker KR. Optimization Modeling with Spreadsheets. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Eigenmann R, Li Z, Midkiff SP, editors. Languages and Compilers for High Performance Computing: 17th International Workshop, LCPC 2004, West Lafayette, IN, USA, September 22-24, 2004, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 3602. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Sarma B, Sarma AK. Optimal Allocation of Ecological Management Practices in a Hilly Urban Watershed. In: Sarma AK, Singh VP, Kartha SA, Bhattacharjya RK, editors. Urban Hydrology, Watershed Management and Socio-Economic Aspects, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 35–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Ultrasound.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Scientists Make Female Fish That Produce Working Sperm. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-make-female-fish-produce-working-sperm/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Review of Certain Activities of the Kentucky Equine Education Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1974.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Okada T. Corporate culture and organizational efficiency in the competitive international market. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled B Y. Arts, Briefly; Rachmaninoff Score Unsold. New York Times 2004:E2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Ultrasound
ISSN (print)	1971-3495
Scope