How to format your references using the Journal of Ultrasound citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Ultrasound. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Normile D. Lost at sea. Science 2014;344:963–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Vollmer SV, Palumbi SR. Hybridization and the evolution of reef coral diversity. Science 2002;296:2023–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

MacLehose L, McKee M, Weinberg J. Responding to the challenge of communicable disease in Europe. Science 2002;295:2047–50.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Cheng M, Xie W, Zong B, Sun B, Qiao M. When magnetic catalyst meets magnetic reactor: etherification of FCC light gasoline as an example. Sci Rep 2013;3:1973.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Bragg SM. Running an Effective Investor Relations Department. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

L’ Ecuyer P, Owen AB, editors. Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods 2008. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Harper AGS, Sage SO. TRP-Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Coupling. In: Rosado JA, editor. Calcium Entry Pathways in Non-excitable Cells, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 67–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Ultrasound.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. Top 10 Insane Unexplained Scientific Discoveries. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Highway Infrastructure: Stakeholders’ Views on Time to Conduct Environmental Reviews of Highway Projects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Dimick KE. Response to Intervention research to practice: Exploring a school in transition—a case study. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Poniewozik J. The Rise of Surreality TV. New York Times 2017:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Ultrasound
ISSN (print)	1971-3495
Scope