How to format your references using the Journal of Tribology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Tribology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Toggweiler, J. R., 2009, “Climate Change. Shifting Westerlies,” Science, 323(5920), pp. 1434–1435.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Cheng, J.-X., and Xie, X. S., 2015, “Vibrational Spectroscopic Imaging of Living Systems: An Emerging Platform for Biology and Medicine,” Science, 350(6264), p. aaa8870.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Kim, J.-H., Yoneya, M., and Yokoyama, H., 2002, “Tristable Nematic Liquid-Crystal Device Using Micropatterned Surface Alignment,” Nature, 420(6912), pp. 159–162.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Zhang, H.-T., Chen, Z., Vicsek, T., Feng, G., Sun, L., Su, R., and Zhou, T., 2014, “Route-Dependent Switch between Hierarchical and Egalitarian Strategies in Pigeon Flocks,” Sci. Rep., 4, p. 5805.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Speight, J. G., 2017, Rules of Thumb for Petroleum Engineers, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

[1]

Kavallaris, M., ed., 2012, Cytoskeleton and Human Disease, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Redaelli, A., Vesentini, S., Gautieri, A., and Zunino, P., 2013, “Multiscale Modeling of Diffusion Phenomena in Polymers,” Materiomics: Multiscale Mechanics of Biological Materials and Structures, M.J. Buehler, and R. Ballarini, eds., Springer, Vienna, pp. 71–86.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Tribology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew, E., 2014, “Controversial Study Created Airborne Virus Similar To 1918 Pandemic Influenza Virus,” IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, 1989, Air Fares and Service at Concentrated Airports, T-RCED-89-37, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Taboada-Peña, R., 2017, “A Self-Empowering Holistic Art-Based Model Designed to Promote Emotional Well-Being, Coping Skills, and Self-Esteem in Youth,” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kanter, J., and Castle, S., 2016, “E.U. Leaders Talk Tough on ‘Brexit,’” New York Times, p. A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Tribology
Abbreviation	J. Tribol.
ISSN (print)	0742-4787
ISSN (online)	1528-8897
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Surfaces, Coatings and Films Surfaces and Interfaces