How to format your references using the Journal of Translational Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Translational Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Zerhouni EA. Research funding. NIH in the post-doubling era: realities and strategies. Science. 2006;314:1088–90.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Jia CL, Urban K. Atomic-resolution measurement of oxygen concentration in oxide materials. Science. 2004;303:2001–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Sousa-Nunes R, Yee LL, Gould AP. Fat cells reactivate quiescent neuroblasts via TOR and glial insulin relays in Drosophila. Nature. 2011;471:508–12.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Lifshitz Y, Köhler T, Frauenheim T, Guzmann I, Hoffman A, Zhang RQ, et al. The mechanism of diamond nucleation from energetic species. Science. 2002;297:1531–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Schwartz D. The Future of Finance. 2 Clementi Loop, #02-01, Singapore 129809: John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd.; 2010.

An edited book

1. Apostolico A, Crochemore M, Park K, editors. Combinatorial Pattern Matching: 16th Annual Symposium, CPM 2005, Jeju Island, Korea, June 19-22, 2005. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Bunin GR, Bosco JLF. Diet and Childhood Cancer: Preliminary Evidence. In: Bendich A, Deckelbaum RJ, editors. Preventive Nutrition: The Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2010. p. 127–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Translational Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. Ancient Megatsunami Reached Height of Manhattan Skyscrapers [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/ancient-megatsunami-reached-height-manhattan-skyscrapers/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Passenger Rail Security: Enhanced Federal Leadership Needed to Prioritize and Guide Security Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 Oct. Report No.: GAO-06-181T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Miller MW. The Mediterranean Ethiopian: Intellectual discourse and the fixity of myth in classical antiquity [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW. Experts Fear Life Insurers Are Courting Reserve Risk. New York Times. 2012 Nov 30;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Translational Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Transl. Med.
ISSN (online)	1479-5876
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Medicine