How to format your references using the Frontiers in Neuroengineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Neuroengineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

de Jong, G. (2005). Evolution. Is invariance across animal species just an illusion? Science 309, 1193–1195.

A journal article with 2 authors

Reineke, S., and Baldo, M. A. (2014). Room temperature triplet state spectroscopy of organic semiconductors. Sci. Rep. 4, 3797.

A journal article with 3 authors

Haerizadeh, F., Singh, M. B., and Bhalla, P. L. (2006). Transcriptional repression distinguishes somatic from germ cell lineages in a plant. Science 313, 496–499.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lendlein, A., Jiang, H., Jünger, O., and Langer, R. (2005). Light-induced shape-memory polymers. Nature 434, 879–882.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tue, N. V., Reichel, M., and Fischer, M. (2016). Berechnung und Bemessung von Betonbrücken. Berlin, Germany: Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG.

An edited book

Gollmann, D., Meier, J., and Sabelfeld, A. eds. (2006). Computer Security – ESORICS 2006: 11th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security, Hamburg, Germany, September 18-20, 2006. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Wiegandt, E. (2008). “From Principles to Action: Incentives to Enforce Common Property Water Management,” in Mountains: Sources of Water, Sources of Knowledge, ed. E. Wiegandt (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands), 63–79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Neuroengineering.

Blog post

Evans, K. (2016). Scientifically Proven Features Men Find Attractive In Women. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/scientifically-proven-features-men-find-attractive-in-women/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2016). Motor Carriers: Better Information Needed to Assess Effectiveness and Efficiency of Safety Interventions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Emmerling-Baker, D. (2017). A Qualitative Interpretive Phenomenological Study of K5 Teacher Perceptions of Classroom Empathy Instruction.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman, J. (2016). Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times, MM18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (de Jong, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (de Jong, 2005; Reineke and Baldo, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Reineke and Baldo, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Lendlein et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Neuroengineering
Abbreviation	Front. Neuroeng.
ISSN (online)	1662-6443
Scope	Biophysics Biomedical Engineering Neuroscience (miscellaneous)