How to format your references using the Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schreiber MR. Astronomy. One good measure. Science. 2013;340(6135):932-933.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fauci AS, Collins FS. Benefits and risks of influenza research: lessons learned. Science. 2012;336(6088):1522-1523.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pack CC, Berezovskii VK, Born RT. Dynamic properties of neurons in cortical area MT in alert and anaesthetized macaque monkeys. Nature. 2001;414(6866):905-908.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Soma S, Shimegi S, Suematsu N, Sato H. Cholinergic modulation of response gain in the rat primary visual cortex. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1138.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Coulson J. Sustainable Use of Wood in Construction. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Hakim NS, ed. Artificial Organs. Vol 4. Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Corona I, Giacinto G, Roli F. Intrusion Detection in Computer Systems Using Multiple Classifier Systems. In: Okun O, Valentini G, eds. Supervised and Unsupervised Ensemble Methods and Their Applications. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer; 2008:91-113.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences.

Blog post

Andrew E. Multivitamins are a waste of money for healthy people, according to physicians. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle: DOD Guidance Needed to Protect Government’s Interest. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zhao J. Contextual Differential Item Functioning: Examining the Validity of Teaching Self-Efficacy Instruments Using Hierarchical Generalized Linear Modeling. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. SHADOWS OF DOUBT. New York Times. April 14, 2011:B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences
Abbreviation	J. Tradit. Chin. Med. Sci.
ISSN (print)	2095-7548
Scope