How to format your references using the Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Rubin AE. Planetary science. Fragments of the lunar cataclysm. Science. 2012;336:1390–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Zelzer E, Olsen BR. The genetic basis for skeletal diseases. Nature. 2003;423:343–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Williams CC, Jan CH, Weissman JS. Targeting and plasticity of mitochondrial proteins revealed by proximity-specific ribosome profiling. Science. 2014;346:748–51.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Klein TA, Neumann J, Reuter M, Hennig J, von Cramon DY, Ullsperger M. Genetically determined differences in learning from errors. Science. 2007;318:1642–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Delgrossi L, Zhang T. Vehicle Safety Communications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Cebollero M. Pro T-SQL Programmer’s Guide. 4th Edition. Natarajan J, Coles M, editors. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Salehi S, Anwar R, Hassan OH. Reuse of Palm Oil Sludge in Stoneware: An Eco-friendly Project. In: Hassan OH, Abidin SZ, Anwar R, Kamaruzaman MF, editors. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Research of Arts, Design and Humanities (ISRADH 2014). Singapore: Springer; 2015. p. 43–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Poo Transplants Can Eliminate Two Superbugs From The Gut: Mice Study. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Airline Competition: Weak Financial Structure Threatens Competition. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Apr. Report No.: RCED-91-110.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Kellogg A. Hospital Lean and Six Sigma: Is there a financial benefit? [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Corkery M. Deep Debt and Rivals Push Toy Chain Into Bankruptcy. New York Times. 2017 Sep 19;B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound
Abbreviation	J. Ther. Ultrasound
ISSN (online)	2050-5736
Scope