How to format your references using the Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Ziemelis K. Hydrocarbon reservoirs. Nature. 2003;426:317.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Daw ND, Dayan P. Neuroscience. Matchmaking. Science. 2004;304:1753–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Halazonetis TD, Gorgoulis VG, Bartek J. An oncogene-induced DNA damage model for cancer development. Science. 2008;319:1352–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Donohoe ME, Silva SS, Pinter SF, Xu N, Lee JT. The pluripotency factor Oct4 interacts with Ctcf and also controls X-chromosome pairing and counting. Nature. 2009;460:128–32.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Nguyen T. Investing in the High Yield Municipal Market. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Lehnert R, editor. Energy-Aware Communications: 17th International Workshop, EUNICE 2011, Dresden, Germany, September 5-7, 2011. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Ratnaparkhe MB, Singh RJ, Doyle JJ. Glycine. In: Kole C, editor. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Legume Crops and Forages. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 83–116.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. The Real Cost Of NASA’s New Horizons Mission To Pluto [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/real-cost-nasas-new-horizons-mission-pluto/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Student Loans: Education Needs to Improve Its Income-Driven Repayment Plan Budget Estimates. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016 Nov. Report No.: GAO-17-22.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Reilly JM. The role of public opinion in China’s Japan policy: 1997–2007 [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Yablonsky L. Characters Welcome. New York Times. 2011 Oct 9;ST3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound
Abbreviation	J. Ther. Ultrasound
ISSN (online)	2050-5736
Scope