How to format your references using the Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

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Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteFind the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.
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Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
1. Schneider S. The worst-case scenario. Nature. 2009;458:1104–5.
A journal article with 2 authors
1. McBrearty S, Jablonski NG. First fossil chimpanzee. Nature. 2005;437:105–8.
A journal article with 3 authors
1. Driscoll R, Hudson A, Jackson SP. Yeast Rtt109 promotes genome stability by acetylating histone H3 on lysine 56. Science. 2007;315:649–52.
A journal article with 7 or more authors
1. van den Bogaart G, Meyenberg K, Risselada HJ, Amin H, Willig KI, Hubrich BE, et al. Membrane protein sequestering by ionic protein-lipid interactions. Nature. 2011;479:552–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
1. Blanchet G, Charbit M. Digital Signal and Image Processing Using Matlab®. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.
An edited book
1. Deng L. Developing Chinese EFL Learners’ Generic Competence: A Genre-based & Process Genre Approach. Chen Q, Zhang Y, editors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.
A chapter in an edited book
1. Balaji Rao K, Anoop MB, Vinod G, Kushwaha HS. Risk Informed In-Service Inspection of PWR Nuclear Power Plant Piping Components Subjected to Erosion-Corrosion Using Markov Chain Model. In: Kumar U, Ahmadi A, Verma AK, Varde P, editors. Current Trends in Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety: An Industry Perspective. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 39–48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound.

Blog post
1. Andrew E. Current Extinction Rate 10 Times Worse Than Previously Thought. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
1. Government Accountability Office. Airport Financing: Funding Sources for Airport Development. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Mar. Report No.: RCED-98-71.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
1. Borisova-Kidder A. Meta-Analytical Estimates of Values of Environmental Services Enhanced by Government Agricultural Conservation Programs [Doctoral dissertation]. [Columbus, OH]: Ohio State University; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
1. Hubbard B. Smiling as Syria Burns, Assad Remains Secure in Power and Impunity. New York Times. 2016 Sep 17;A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal titleJournal of Therapeutic Ultrasound
AbbreviationJ. Ther. Ultrasound
ISSN (online)2050-5736
Scope

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