How to format your references using the Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Russell TP. Surface-responsive materials. Science 2002;297:964–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Berger A, Loutre MF. Climate. An exceptionally long interglacial ahead? Science 2002;297:1287–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Grosenick L, Clement TS, Fernald RD. Fish can infer social rank by observation alone. Nature 2007;445:429–32.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Gustafsson O, Kruså M, Zencak Z, Sheesley RJ, Granat L, Engström E, et al. Brown clouds over South Asia: biomass or fossil fuel combustion? Science 2009;323:495–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Use of Vapor Cloud Dispersion Models. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1996.

An edited book

[1]

Tibon-Czopp S. Rorschach Assessment of Adolescents: Theory, Research, and Practice. New York, NY: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Maiorana E, Argones Rúa E, Alba Castro JL, Campisi P. Eigen-Model Projections for Protected On-line Signature Recognition. In: Vielhauer C, Dittmann J, Drygajlo A, Juul NC, Fairhurst MC, editors. Biometrics and ID Management: COST 2101 European Workshop, BioID 2011, Brandenburg (Havel), Germany, March 8-10, 2011. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011, p. 49–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. Astronomers Have Learned Some Pretty Crucial Things About Very Young Stars. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-have-learned-some-pretty-crucial-things-about-very-young-stars/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. ADP Management Controls: Farmers Home Administration Can Improve Reporting of Weaknesses. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Eggleston BP. An Investigation of the Difference in Student Achievement during the Middle School Transition Years. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Billard M. A Chicer, Cheaper New Outlook. New York Times 2012:E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists
Abbreviation	J. World Fed. Orthod.
ISSN (print)	2212-4438
Scope	Orthodontics