How to format your references using the Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Kreeger K. Private foundations push for higher postdoc salaries. Nature 2002;415:5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Dove W, Susman M. Retrospective. James F. Crow (1916-2012). Science 2012;335:812.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

O’Connor DH, Huber D, Svoboda K. Reverse engineering the mouse brain. Nature 2009;461:923–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Moore KM, Yadav RK, Kulowski L, Cao H, Bloxham J, Connerney JEP, et al. A complex dynamo inferred from the hemispheric dichotomy of Jupiter’s magnetic field. Nature 2018;561:76–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

McGee G. Bioethics for beginners. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Proulx T, editor. Optical Measurements, Modeling, and Metrology, Volume 5: Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics. New York, NY: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Lacape J-M, Loison R, Foncéka D. Enhanced Drought Adaptation in African Savanna Crops. In: Torquebiau E, editor. Climate Change and Agriculture Worldwide, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2016, p. 59–71.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Why Is The Sun’s Atmosphere So Much Hotter Than Its Surface? IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Youth with Autism: Federal Agencies Should Take Additional Action to Support Transition-Age Youth. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2017.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Robles B. Academic achievement among foster care children with a disability: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Walsh MW. State Pension Fund Faces Shortfall, Candidate Says. New York Times 2010:A30.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists
Abbreviation	J. World Fed. Orthod.
ISSN (print)	2212-4438
Scope	Orthodontics