How to format your references using the EPMA Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for EPMA Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Nilsson J. Scientists and societies. Junior Faculty at the Karolinska Institute. Nature. 2004;427:470.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Clancy CE, Xiang YK. Biological techniques: Wrapped around the heart. Nature. 2014;507:43–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Okada D, Ozawa F, Inokuchi K. Input-specific spine entry of soma-derived Vesl-1S protein conforms to synaptic tagging. Science. 2009;324:904–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Henson SM, Costantino RF, Cushing JM, Desharnais RA, Dennis B, King AA. Lattice effects observed in chaotic dynamics of experimental populations. Science. 2001;294:602–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lee JC, McCormick NJ. Risk and Safety Analysis of Nuclear Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Burch JL, Angelopoulos V, editors. The THEMIS Mission. New York, NY: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Vukotic A, Goodwill J. Using Tomcat’s Manager Web Application. In: Goodwill J, editor. Apache Tomcat 7. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2011. p. 73–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for EPMA Journal.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Native Alaskans May Have Been Trading Metals With Asia Long Before European Contact [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/native-alaskans-may-have-been-trading-metals-with-asia-long-before-european-contact/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Customs Modernization. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997 Feb. Report No.: AIMD-97-43R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Lowry LA. Creative Aging in Senior Centers: A Grounded Theory Study [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Rothenberg I by B. Life on Tour With a Little One in Tow. New York Times. 2016 Sep 7;B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	EPMA Journal
Abbreviation	EPMA J.
ISSN (print)	1878-5077
ISSN (online)	1878-5085
Scope	Biochemistry, medical Health Policy Drug Discovery