How to format your references using the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Foster I. Service-oriented science. Science. 2005 May 6;308(5723):814–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Siomi H, Siomi MC. On the road to reading the RNA-interference code. Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):396–404.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bazin E, Glémin S, Galtier N. Population size does not influence mitochondrial genetic diversity in animals. Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):570–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ozsolak F, Platt AR, Jones DR, Reifenberger JG, Sass LE, McInerney P, et al. Direct RNA sequencing. Nature. 2009 Oct 8;461(7265):814–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Klee L. International Construction Contract Law. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Tachibanaki T, editor. Advances in Happiness Research: A Comparative Perspective. 1st ed. 2016. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2016. XX, 344 p. 38 illus., 21 illus. in color. (Creative Economy).

A chapter in an edited book

Carey FA, Sundberg RJ. Nucleophilic Substitution. In: Sundberg RJ, editor. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Part A: Structure and Mechanisms. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2007. p. 389–472. (Advanced Organic Chemistry).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Pesticide Residues On Fruit And Veg Could Affect Sperm Health [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/pesticide-residues-fruit-and-veg-could-affect-sperm-health/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highway Trust Fund: Possible Impact if It Had Financed All Highway Expenditures. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Feb. Report No.: RCED-98-78R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodriguez PJ. “Stepping stones”: Empowering mental health patients through connections with significant others: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel B. Patriots Feast on Petty, as on So Many Others. New York Times. 2016 Dec 24;SP3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
Abbreviation	J. R. Soc. Med.
ISSN (print)	0141-0768
ISSN (online)	1758-1095
Scope	General Medicine

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