How to format your references using the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marder TB. Chemistry. Boron goes on the attack. Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):69–70.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schindler CS, Jacobsen EN. Chemistry. A new twist on cooperative catalysis. Science. 2013 May 31;340(6136):1052–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Meier DL, Koide S, Uchida Y. Magnetohydrodynamic production of relativistic jets. Science. 2001 Jan 5;291(5501):84–92.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Amoasii L, Hildyard JCW, Li H, Sanchez-Ortiz E, Mireault A, Caballero D, et al. Gene editing restores dystrophin expression in a canine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Science. 2018 Oct 5;362(6410):86–91.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bagrintseva KI. Carbonate Reservoir Rocks. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

Holzbecher E, editor. Environmental Modeling: Using MATLAB®. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. XIX, 392 p. 148 illus., 15 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Koziol LA, Pyrek RW. The Concept of Classification of Tourist Motivation Factors. In: Katsoni V, editor. Cultural Tourism in a Digital Era: First International Conference IACuDiT, Athens, 2014. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 57–66. (Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.

Blog post

Hale T. Beautiful Bubblegum Coral On The Seabed Of The Mariana Region. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Critical Infrastructure Protection: Progress Coordinating Government and Private Sector Efforts Varies by Sectors’ Characteristics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006 Oct. Report No.: GAO-07-39.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Greene GL. An Analysis of the Comparison between Classroom Grades Earned with a Standards-Based Grading System and Grade-Level Assessment Scores as Measured by the Missouri Assessment Program [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kaag J. Cosmic Explorer. New York Times. 2017 Jan 13;BR13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
Abbreviation	J. R. Soc. Med.
ISSN (print)	0141-0768
ISSN (online)	1758-1095
Scope	General Medicine