How to format your references using the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Glick S. Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921-2011). Nature. 2011 Jun 29;474(7353):580.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brockmann D, Helbing D. The hidden geometry of complex, network-driven contagion phenomena. Science. 2013 Dec 13;342(6164):1337–42.

A journal article with 3 authors

Meier P, Finch A, Evan G. Apoptosis in development. Nature. 2000 Oct 12;407(6805):796–801.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mikucki JA, Pearson A, Johnston DT, Turchyn AV, Farquhar J, Schrag DP, et al. A contemporary microbially maintained subglacial ferrous “ocean.” Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):397–400.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tsujimura T. OLED Display Fundamentals and Applications. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Kang SG. Multi-Agent Based Beam Search for Real-Time Production Scheduling and Control: Method, Software and Industrial Application. Choi SH, editor. London: Springer; 2013. X, 134 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Kato K, Oto M, Imai H, Imai K. Computational Geometry Analysis of Quantum State Space and Its Applications. In: Gavrilova ML, editor. Generalized Voronoi Diagram: A Geometry-Based Approach to Computational Intelligence. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 67–108. (Kacprzyk J, editor. Studies in Computational Intelligence).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Massive Asteroids Battered Early Earth. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Tax System Modernization: IRS’ Efforts to Improve Taxpayer Correspondence. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Mar. Report No.: IMTEC-90-26.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grayson N. Development of a preliminary scale of counterproductive experiences in supervision: Attitudes of clinical psychology doctoral students [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman J. An Eye for Beauty. New York Times. 2017 May 29;D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
Abbreviation	J. R. Soc. Med.
ISSN (print)	0141-0768
ISSN (online)	1758-1095
Scope	General Medicine