How to format your references using the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lunt D. Palaeoclimate science: Causes and effects of Antarctic ice. Nature. 2014 Jul 31;511(7511):536–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dutcher JR, Ediger MD. Materials science. Glass surfaces not so glassy. Science. 2008 Feb 1;319(5863):577–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mastrobuono-Battisti A, Perets HB, Raymond SN. A primordial origin for the compositional similarity between the Earth and the Moon. Nature. 2015 Apr 9;520(7546):212–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Giacco F, Ciamarra MP, Saggese L, de Arcangelis L, Lippiello E. Non-monotonic dependence of the friction coefficient on heterogeneous stiffness. Sci Rep. 2014 Oct 27;4:6772.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Young S, Smith J. Helping Children with ADHD. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

Mitra R, Müller P, editors. Nonparametric Bayesian Inference in Biostatistics. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. XVII, 448 p. 96 illus., 47 illus. in color. (Frontiers in Probability and the Statistical Sciences).

A chapter in an edited book

Nielsen T, Kristensen NH. Ethical Traceability in the Bacon Supply Chain. In: Coff C, Barling D, Korthals M, Nielsen T, editors. Ethical Traceability and Communicating Food. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008. p. 83–123. (Korthals M, Thompson PB, editors. The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.

Blog post

Luntz S. Green Light Could Help With Migraines. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Contributions to the Theory and Practice of Management. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978 Aug. Report No.: 094703.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Christiansen LM. The impact of high quality professional development on student achievement in the state of Missouri [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ratliff B. At Home in Her Range. New York Times. 2017 Jan 13;BR17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
Abbreviation	J. R. Soc. Med.
ISSN (print)	0141-0768
ISSN (online)	1758-1095
Scope	General Medicine