How to format your references using the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dyson F. The death of a star. Nature. 2005 Dec 22;438(7071):1086.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhang D, Lu L. Anti-correlation of summer/winter monsoons? Nature. 2007 Nov 15;450(7168):E7-8; discussion E8-9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Carr S, Heard DE, Blitz MA. Comment on “Atmospheric hydroxyl radical production from electronically excited NO2 and H2O.” Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):336; author reply 336.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Valovka T, Schönfeld M, Raffeiner P, Breuker K, Dunzendorfer-Matt T, Hartl M, et al. Transcriptional control of DNA replication licensing by Myc. Sci Rep. 2013 Dec 6;3:3444.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Perez RX, Conkey AP. Troubleshooting Rotating Machinery. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Gao GR, Pollock LL, Cavazos J, Li X, editors. Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing: 22nd International Workshop, LCPC 2009, Newark, DE, USA, October 8-10, 2009, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. XI, 426 p. 186 illus. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 5898).

A chapter in an edited book

Lokman AS, Zain JM. Chatbot Enhanced Algorithms: A Case Study on Implementation in Bahasa Malaysia Human Language. In: Zavoral F, Yaghob J, Pichappan P, El-Qawasmeh E, editors. Networked Digital Technologies: Second International Conference, NDT 2010, Prague, Czech Republic, July 7-9, 2010 Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 31–44. (Communications in Computer and Information Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. There’s Another Way To Combat Climate Change — But Let’s Not Call It Geoengineering [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/there-s-another-way-combat-climate-change-let-s-not-call-it-geoengineering/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Intelligent Transportation Systems: Vehicle-to-Vehicle Technologies Expected to Offer Safety Benefits, but a Variety of Deployment Challenges Exist. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013 Nov. Report No.: GAO-14-13.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hansell L. Perceptions of Supervisor Ethical Behavior by Psychology Interns [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Blecher G. Berra’s Values Shape Museum’s Mission. New York Times. 2015 May 31;NJ10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
Abbreviation	J. R. Soc. Med.
ISSN (print)	0141-0768
ISSN (online)	1758-1095
Scope	General Medicine