How to format your references using the Journal of the Indian Ocean Region citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Indian Ocean Region. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cresko, W. A. (2008). Evolution. Armor development and fitness. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5899), 204–206.

A journal article with 2 authors

LaRue, C. C., & Padilla, P. A. (2012). IBI series winner. A mutant search--Caenorhabditis elegans and gene discovery. Science (New York, N.Y.), 338(6106), 487–488.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ho, V. M., Lee, J.-A., & Martin, K. C. (2011). The cell biology of synaptic plasticity. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6056), 623–628.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Sun, X., Song, P., Zhang, Y., Liu, C., Xu, W., & Xing, W. (2013). A class of high performance metal-free oxygen reduction electrocatalysts based on cheap carbon blacks. Scientific Reports, 3, 2505.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tewari, A. (2011). Advanced Control of Aircraft, Spacecraft and Rockets. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Mahmood, Z. (Ed.). (2014). Cloud Computing: Challenges, Limitations and R&D Solutions. Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Nardo, L. G., & Chouliaras, S. (2015). Definitions and Epidemiology of Unexplained Female Infertility. In G. L. Schattman, S. C. Esteves, & A. Agarwal (Eds.), Unexplained Infertility: Pathophysiology, Evaluation and Treatment (pp. 21–25). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Indian Ocean Region.

Blog post

Evans, K. (2017, February 3). Whale That Had To Be Euthanized Found With 30 Plastic Bags In Its Stomach. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/whale-that-had-to-be-euthanized-found-with-30-plastic-bags-in-its-stomach/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1980). Farmers Home Administration’s ADP Development Project--Current Status and Unresolved Problems (CED-80-67). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lamb, B. K. (2015). A Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Emissions at a Roundabout and a Signalized Intersection in a Mid-Sized City [Doctoral dissertation]. Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M. J. O. (2015, June 5). Weekend Entertainments From the Archives of The New York Times. New York Times, C25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cresko, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Cresko, 2008; LaRue & Padilla, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (LaRue & Padilla, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Sun et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Indian Ocean Region
ISSN (print)	1948-0881
ISSN (online)	1948-108X
Scope	Oceanography Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Water Science and Technology