How to format your references using the Canadian Journal of Zoology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Journal of Zoology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Guthrie, R.D. 2006. New carbon dates link climatic change with human colonization and Pleistocene extinctions. Nature 441(7090): 207–209.

A journal article with 2 authors

Douvris, C., and Ozerov, O.V. 2008. Hydrodefluorination of perfluoroalkyl groups using silylium-carborane catalysts. Science 321(5893): 1188–1190.

A journal article with 3 authors

Martinson, B.C., Anderson, M.S., and de Vries, R. 2005. Scientists behaving badly. Nature 435(7043): 737–738.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Weiss, B.P., Berdahl, J.S., Elkins-Tanton, L., Stanley, S., Lima, E.A., and Carporzen, L. 2008. Magnetism on the angrite parent body and the early differentiation of planetesimals. Science 322(5902): 713–716.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Storhas, W. 2013. Bioverfahrensentwicklung. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Faure, G. 2011. The Transantarctic Mountains: Rocks, Ice, Meteorites and Water. Edited ByT.M. Mensing. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhang, Q., Zhang, W., Nogales-Cadenas, R., Lin, J.-R., Cai, Y., and Zhang, Z.D. 2016. From Gene Expression to Disease Phenotypes: Network-Based Approaches to Study Complex Human Diseases. In Transcriptomics and Gene Regulation. Edited by J. Wu. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht. pp. 115–140.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Journal of Zoology.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. 2016, December 19. The US Needs To Improve Its Science Literacy, Says Astronaut Mae Jemison. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/space/the-us-needs-to-improve-its-science-literacy-says-astronaut-mae-jemison/ [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1987. Army Deployment: Better Transportation Planning Is Needed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Murray, E. 2012. California community college athletic directors lived experience and perceptions about financing issues with athletic programs. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B. 2016, October 20. Oh, Forget That Love Stuff. All You Need Is Selfishness. New York Times: C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Guthrie 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Guthrie 2006; Douvris and Ozerov 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Douvris and Ozerov 2008)
Three or more authors: (Weiss et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Journal of Zoology
Abbreviation	Can. J. Zool.
ISSN (print)	0008-4301
ISSN (online)	1480-3283
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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