How to format your references using the Journal of the Geological Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Geological Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wingreen, N.S. 2004. Physics. Quantum many-body effects in a single-electron transistor. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304, 1258–1259.

A journal article with 2 authors

Keeling, M.J. and Gilligan, C.A. 2000. Metapopulation dynamics of bubonic plague. Nature, 407, 903–906.

A journal article with 3 authors

Biertümpfel, C., Yang, W. and Suck, D. 2007. Crystal structure of T4 endonuclease VII resolving a Holliday junction. Nature, 449, 616–620.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Brú, A., Alós, E., Nuño, J.C. and Fernández de Dios, M. 2014. Scaling in complex systems: a link between the dynamics of networks and growing interfaces. Scientific reports, 4, 7550.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Equipment Testing Procedures Committee. 2002. Centrifugal Pumps (Newtonian Liquids).

An edited book

Pardo, L. 2011. Multifunctional Polycrystalline Ferroelectric Materials: Processing and Properties. Ricote, J. (ed.). Springer Series in Materials Science.

A chapter in an edited book

Coughenour, M., Behnke, R., Lomas, J. and Price, K. 2008. Forage Distributions, Range Condition, and the Importance of Pastoral Movement in Central Asia - A Remote Sensing Study. In: Behnke, R. (ed.) The Socio-Economic Causes and Consequences of Desertification in Central Asia. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series, 45–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Geological Society.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. 2017. A Chemist Discovered The First New Blue In 200 Years – Now Crayola Is Turning It Into A Crayon. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2002. Homeland Security: OMB’s Temporary Cessation of Information Technology Funding for New Investments. GAO-03-186T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hall, K.N. 2010. Facilitating Physically Active Identity Development in Older Women. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Robinson, L. 2010. Christians and Muslims. New York Times, BR1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wingreen 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Keeling and Gilligan 2000; Wingreen 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Keeling and Gilligan 2000)
Three or more authors: (Brú et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Geological Society
Abbreviation	J. Geol. Soc. London
ISSN (print)	0016-7649
ISSN (online)	2041-479X
Scope	Geology