How to format your references using the Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marrucci G. Materials science. Polymers go with the flow. Science. 2003 Sep 19;301(5640):1681–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bobrow M, Thomas S. Patents in a genetic age. Nature. 2000 Feb 15;409(6822):763–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schenk P, Matsuyama I, Nimmo F. True polar wander on Europa from global-scale small-circle depressions. Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):368–71.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hou D, Xie XP, Zhang YL, Wu JT, Chen ZY, Zhao JY. Highly stable wideband microwave extraction by synchronizing widely tunable optoelectronic oscillator with optical frequency comb. Sci Rep. 2013 Dec 16;3:3509.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kondrashov AS. Crumbling Genome. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Balcázar JL, Bonchi F, Gionis A, Sebag M, editors. Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: European Conference, ECML PKDD 2010, Barcelona, Spain, September 20-24, 2010, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. XXX, 620 p. 175 illus. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 6321).

A chapter in an edited book

Kurtz J, Wortman B. Up and Down the Stack with a POST. In: Wortman B, editor. ASPNET Web API 2: Building a REST Service from Start to Finish. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2014. p. 49–115.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Why Most Food Labels Are Wrong About Calories. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/why-most-food-labels-are-wrong-about-calories/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Medicaid Managed Care: Serving the Disabled Challenges State Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996 Jul. Report No.: HEHS-96-136.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Arzaga CB. Homeless shelter program for the elderly in Los Angeles, California: A grant writing project [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E. Circular Makes the Rounds and Residents Complain. New York Times. 1998 May 10;148.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan
Abbreviation	J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak.
ISSN (print)	1022-386X
ISSN (online)	1681-7168
Scope	General Medicine