How to format your references using the Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Adams JU. Genetics: Big hopes for big data. Nature. 2015 Nov 19;527(7578):S108-9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Reck BK, Graedel TE. Challenges in metal recycling. Science. 2012 Aug 10;337(6095):690–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Guiteras R, Levinsohn J, Mobarak AM. Sanitation subsidies. Encouraging sanitation investment in the developing world: a cluster-randomized trial. Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):903–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhong HX, Shi JJ, Zhang M, Jiang XH, Huang P, Ding YM. Reducing Mg acceptor activation-energy in Al(0.83)Ga(0.17)N disorder alloy substituted by nanoscale (AlN)₅/(GaN)₁ superlattice using Mg(Ga) δ-doping: Mg local-structure effect. Sci Rep. 2014 Oct 23;4:6710.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pearce R, Barnes S. Raising Venture Capital. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Maisel WH, editor. Device Therapy in Heart Failure. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2009. X, 400 p. 140 illus., 46 illus. in color. (Contemporary Cardiology).

A chapter in an edited book

Stöckmann HJ. Chaos in Microwave Resonators. In: Duplantier B, Nonnenmacher S, Rivasseau V, editors. Chaos: Poincaré Seminar 2010. Basel: Springer; 2013. p. 169–91. (Progress in Mathematical Physics).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. It’s Often The Puzzles That Baffle That Go Viral. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/it-s-often-puzzles-baffle-go-viral/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Security Information Sharing: Stakeholders Generally Satisfied but TSA Could Improve Analysis, Awareness, and Accountability. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011 Nov. Report No.: GAO-12-44.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bannister RM. To What Extent Are the Grade Configurations of Middle/High Schools and High Schools Related to Student Engagement? [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron J. A Cathedral-Like Home For a Church’s Peacocks. New York Times. 2017 Oct 8;A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan
Abbreviation	J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak.
ISSN (print)	1022-386X
ISSN (online)	1681-7168
Scope	General Medicine