How to format your references using the Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sanderson K. US biofuels: a field in ferment. Nature. 2006 Dec 7;444(7120):673–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cande SC, Stegman DR. Indian and African plate motions driven by the push force of the Réunion plume head. Nature. 2011 Jul 6;475(7354):47–52.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nieder A, Diester I, Tudusciuc O. Temporal and spatial enumeration processes in the primate parietal cortex. Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1431–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Benincà E, Huisman J, Heerkloss R, Jöhnk KD, Branco P, Van Nes EH, et al. Chaos in a long-term experiment with a plankton community. Nature. 2008 Feb 14;451(7180):822–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Perlmutter DD, Rothstein RL. The Challenge of Climate Change. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

Toebes B, Ferguson R, Markovic MM, Nnamuchi O, editors. The Right to Health: A Multi-Country Study of Law, Policy and Practice. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press; 2014. XV, 456 p. 6 illus., 4 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Motha J. Spirituality and Its Relevance for the Contemplative Educator. In: Wane NN, Manyimo EL, Ritskes EJ, editors. Spirituality, Education & Society. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2011. p. 49–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. No, Johns Hopkins Did Not Release An “Update” Revealing The “Truth” About Cancer. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/no-johns-hopkins-did-not-release-update-revealing-truth-about-cancer/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. College-and-Career Readiness: States Have Made Progress in Implementing New Standards and Assessments, but Challenges Remain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014 Dec. Report No.: GAO-15-104R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Packman T. The Effects of Eccentricity on Rectangular Hollow Structural Section Stress in Moment Connections Loaded Out-of-Plane [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel B. They’re First-Time Rivals. Their Mothers? Close as Longtime Friends. New York Times. 2016 Aug 27;D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan
Abbreviation	J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak.
ISSN (print)	1022-386X
ISSN (online)	1681-7168
Scope	General Medicine