How to format your references using the Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Klironomos JN. Feedback with soil biota contributes to plant rarity and invasiveness in communities. Nature. 2002 May 2;417(6884):67–70.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pitnick S, Pfennig DW. Evolutionary biology: Brotherly love benefits females. Nature. 2014 Jan 30;505(7485):626–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kaloni TP, Tahir M, Schwingenschlögl U. Quasi free-standing silicene in a superlattice with hexagonal boron nitride. Sci Rep. 2013 Nov 12;3:3192.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Eschner J, Raab C, Schmidt-Kaler F, Blatt R. Light interference from single atoms and their mirror images. Nature. 2001 Oct 4;413(6855):495–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kobilinsky L, Liotti TF, Oeser-Sweat J. DNA: Forensic and Legal Applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

Yung BHW, editor. Assessment Reform in Science: Fairness and Fear. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006. XVI, 296 p. (Science & Technology Education Library; vol. 31).

A chapter in an edited book

Sperling J. Women, Tourism, and the Visual Narrative of Interwar Tourism in the American Southwest. In: Robinson M, Silverman H, editors. Encounters with Popular Pasts: Cultural Heritage and Popular Culture. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 81–95.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association.

Blog post

Andrew D. Alcohol Is One Of The 5 Most Addictive Substances On The Planet [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/alcohol-is-one-of-the-5-most-addictive-substances-on-the-planet/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. TSA Acquisitions: Opportunities Exist to Enhance Efficiency of Screening Technology Test and Evaluation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016 Jan. Report No.: GAO-16-322T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pope C. Words in the Garden [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Dodgers’ Rookie Manager Learns, and Acts, Quickly. New York Times. 2016 Oct 15;D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association
ISSN (print)	0008-3194
ISSN (online)	1715-6181
Scope