How to format your references using the Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

King A. Astronomy. Testing the limits of accretion. Science. 2014 Mar 21;343(6177):1318–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tsou MFB, Stearns T. Mechanism limiting centrosome duplication to once per cell cycle. Nature. 2006 Aug 24;442(7105):947–51.

A journal article with 3 authors

Balser DS, Rood RT, Bania TM. Comment on “Deep mixing of 3He: reconciling Big Bang and stellar nucleosynthesis.” Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1170.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Okada Y, Scott G, Ray MK, Mishina Y, Zhang Y. Histone demethylase JHDM2A is critical for Tnp1 and Prm1 transcription and spermatogenesis. Nature. 2007 Nov 1;450(7166):119–23.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Higgs J, Titchen A. Professional Practice in Health, Education and the Creative Arts. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Jetter R, editor. The Formation, Structure and Activity of Phytochemicals. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. XIII, 209 p. 51 illus., 20 illus. in color. (Recent Advances in Phytochemistry; vol. 45).

A chapter in an edited book

Potts KB. Nutritional Ecology and Reproductive Output in Female Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Variation Among and Within Populations. In: Clancy KBH, Hinde K, Rutherford JN, editors. Building Babies: Primate Development in Proximate and Ultimate Perspective. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 83–100.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association.

Blog post

Andrew E. New Species of Hammerhead Shark Confirmed [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2013 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-species-hammerhead-shark-confirmed/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Managing for Results: Observations on NASA’s Fiscal Year 1999 Performance Plan. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Jun. Report No.: NSIAD-98-181.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Munim A. Studies on the role of vitamin D in asthma patients from a south Florida pulmonary practice [Doctoral dissertation]. [Boca Raton, FL]: Florida Atlantic University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M, Kolata G. New to Most Fans, IGF-1 Has Long Been Banned as a Performance Enhancer. New York Times. 2013 Jan 30;B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association
ISSN (print)	0008-3194
ISSN (online)	1715-6181
Scope