How to format your references using the Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Blow N. Transcriptomics: The digital generation. Nature. 2009 Mar 12;458(7235):239–42.

A journal article with 2 authors

Harrison SA, Tong F. Decoding reveals the contents of visual working memory in early visual areas. Nature. 2009 Apr 2;458(7238):632–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Okabe Y, Sano T, Nagata S. Regulation of the innate immune response by threonine-phosphatase of Eyes absent. Nature. 2009 Jul 23;460(7254):520–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Rovira-Asenjo N, Gumí T, Sales-Pardo M, Guimerà R. Predicting future conflict between team-members with parameter-free models of social networks. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1999.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

da Silva LS, Simões R, Gervásio H. Design of Steel Structures. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2014.

An edited book

Zia Ul Haq M. Anthocyanins and Human Health: Biomolecular and therapeutic aspects. Riaz M, Saad B, editors. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. XII, 138 p. 23 illus., 16 illus. in color. (SpringerBriefs in Food, Health, and Nutrition).

A chapter in an edited book

Toussaint BM, Luengo V. Mining Surgery Phase-Related Sequential Rules from Vertebroplasty Simulations Traces. In: Holmes JH, Bellazzi R, Sacchi L, Peek N, editors. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: 15th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, AIME 2015, Pavia, Italy, June 17-20, 2015 Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 35–46. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association.

Blog post

Andrew E. Ocean Acidification: The Forgotten Piece Of The Carbon Puzzle [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/ocean-acidification-forgotten-piece-carbon-puzzle/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Security: TSA Has Taken Actions to Address Transportation Security Acquisition Reform Act Requirements. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016 Feb. Report No.: GAO-16-285.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Perkins J. “Inside of each story was a piece of my story”: Applied folklore addressing stigma around perinatal mood and anxiety disorders [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Eugene R. Anderson, 82; He Made Insurers Pay Up. New York Times. 2010 Aug 3;A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association
ISSN (print)	0008-3194
ISSN (online)	1715-6181
Scope