How to format your references using the Medical Molecular Morphology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Molecular Morphology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schneider SH (2001) Earth systems engineering and management. Nature 409:417–421

A journal article with 2 authors

Keeling MJ, Gilligan CA (2000) Metapopulation dynamics of bubonic plague. Nature 407:903–906

A journal article with 3 authors

Balachandran S, Thomas E, Barber GN (2004) A FADD-dependent innate immune mechanism in mammalian cells. Nature 432:401–405

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Smedskjaer MM, Youngman RE, Striepe S, et al (2014) Irreversibility of pressure induced boron speciation change in glass. Sci Rep 4:3770

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety (2003) Guidelines for Analyzing and Managing the Security Vulnerabilities of Fixed Chemical Sites. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Coca-Prados J, Gutiérrez-Cervelló G (2013) Economic Sustainability and Environmental Protection in Mediterranean Countries through Clean Manufacturing Methods. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

van der Lans A (2013) Enterprise Content Management (ECM): The Unstructured Part. In: Baan P (ed) Enterprise Information Management: When Information Becomes Inspiration. Springer, New York, NY, pp 125–148

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Molecular Morphology.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2016) Up To 40% Of Some Herbal Supplements Are Mislabelled Or Contain Adulterants. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1977) Computer Operations and Data Processing Activities at the Social Security Administration. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Davis K (2010) Manifesting archetypal energy through music. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J (2017) New Ways to Woo Jaded Consumers. New York Times C5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Molecular Morphology
Abbreviation	Med. Mol. Morphol.
ISSN (print)	1860-1480
ISSN (online)	1860-1499
Scope	Molecular Biology General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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