How to format your references using the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Barron M. Science & music: raising the roof. Nature 2008;453:859–860.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Skovran E, Martinez-Gomez NC. Microbiology. Just add lanthanides. Science 2015;348:862–863.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Stefanová I, Dorfman JR, Germain RN. Self-recognition promotes the foreign antigen sensitivity of naive T lymphocytes. Nature 2002;420:429–434.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Moreno-Herrero F, de Jager M, Dekker NH, et al. Mesoscale conformational changes in the DNA-repair complex Rad50/Mre11/Nbs1 upon binding DNA. Nature 2005;437:440–443.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Jaffe J. Flip the Funnel. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

1. Arevalo JF ed. Retinal Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography. New York, NY: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Baffa A, Poggi M, Feijó B. Adaptive Automated Storytelling Based on Audience Response. In: Chorianopoulos K, Divitini M, Baalsrud Hauge J, et al., eds. Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2015: 14th International Conference, ICEC 2015, Trondheim, Norway, September 29 - Ocotober 2, 2015, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015;45–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Animals With Glowing Courtship Displays Are More Likely To Diversify. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. New Ways of Preparing Data for Computers Could Save Money and Time and Reduce Errors. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Schoettler MR. A Publish-Subscribe Framework for Embedded Systems: Simplifying the Development Process. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kenigsberg B. Alina. New York Times. September 14, 2017:C11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
Abbreviation	J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.
ISSN (print)	0003-1488
ISSN (online)	1943-569X
Scope	General Veterinary

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