How to format your references using the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. O’Rahilly S. Human genetics illuminates the paths to metabolic disease. Nature 2009;462:307–314.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Kim N, Jinks-Robertson S. dUTP incorporation into genomic DNA is linked to transcription in yeast. Nature 2009;459:1150–1153.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Yoshimura K, Onda Y, Fukushima T. Sediment particle size and initial radiocesium accumulation in ponds following the Fukushima DNPP accident. Sci Rep 2014;4:4514.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Zhang X-S, Yang G-X, Jiang H, et al. Mass production of chemicals from biomass-derived oil by directly atmospheric distillation coupled with co-pyrolysis. Sci Rep 2013;3:1120.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Naini FB. Facial Aesthetics. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Chivers I. Introduction to Programming with Fortran: With Coverage of Fortran 90, 95, 2003, 2008 and 77. 3rd ed. 2015. (Sleightholme J, ed.). Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Felici G, Simeone B, Spinelli V. Classification Techniques and Error Control in Logic Mining. In: Stahlbock R, Crone SF, Lessmann S, eds. Data Mining: Special Issue in Annals of Information Systems. Annals of Information Systems. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010;99–119.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Ranking Exoplanets By Their Ability To Support Life. IFLScience 2014. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/ranking-exoplanets-their-ability-support-life/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Preliminary Information on the Federal Government’s Response to Recent Natural Disasters. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Turkel CC. Female leaders’ 360-degree self -perception accuracy for leadership competencies and skills. 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hardy M. In Houston, Juneteenth Site Rises From the Ruins. New York Times. June 17, 2017:A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
Abbreviation	J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.
ISSN (print)	0003-1488
ISSN (online)	1943-569X
Scope	General Veterinary