How to format your references using the Journal of the American Philosophical Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the American Philosophical Association. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Glasby, G. P. (2000) ‘ECONOMIC GEOLOGY: Lessons Learned from Deep-Sea Mining’. Science (New York, N.Y.), 289, 551–553.

A journal article with 2 authors

Smetacek, Victor & Cloern, James E. (2008) ‘Oceans. On phytoplankton trends’. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319, 1346–1348.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hadders, Michael A., Beringer, Dennis X. & Gros, Piet. (2007) ‘Structure of C8alpha-MACPF reveals mechanism of membrane attack in complement immune defense’. Science (New York, N.Y.), 317, 1552–1554.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Harlow, M. L., Ress, D., Stoschek, A., Marshall, R. M. & McMahan, U. J. (2001) ‘The architecture of active zone material at the frog’s neuromuscular junction’. Nature, 409, 479–484.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yakushevich, Ludmila V. (2005) Nonlinear Physics of DNA. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Mehrotra, Kishan G., Mohan, Chilukuri K., Oh, Jae C., Varshney, Pramod K. & Ali, Moonis (eds.). (2011) Modern Approaches in Applied Intelligence: 24th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, IEA/AIE 2011, Syracuse, NY, USA, June 28 – July 1, 2011, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. vol. 6703.

A chapter in an edited book

Wong, Robina H. C., Jiao, M. R. & Chau, K. T. (2006) ‘Numerical and Experimental Study on Progressive Failure of Marble’. In Xiang-Chu Yin, Peter Mora, Andrea Donnellan, & Mitsuhiro Matsu’ura (eds.). Computational Earthquake Physics: Simulations, Analysis and Infrastructure, Part I. Pageoph Topical Volumes (Basel: Birkhäuser), 1787–1801.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the American Philosophical Association.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. (2014) ‘Dark Chocolate Is Good For You - And Now We Finally Know Why!’ IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1976) ‘The Legislative Focus on Federal ADP Procurement and GAO’s Role’.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dzubaty, Dolores R. (2013) Understanding the undergraduate experience of the baccalaureate nursing student with English as an additional language. Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

LISA W. FODERARO; Reporting for this article was contributed by Ford Fessenden, as well as by Kathleen McGrory in Westchester, Akhtar, Faiza, Sophia Chang on, Koblin, John, Nate Schweber in, Lazo, Alejandro & Connecticut, Avi Salzman in. (2006) ‘That Sound You Hear? The Market Coming Down to Earth’. New York Times, 14WC5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Glasby 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Glasby 2000; Smetacek & Cloern 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Smetacek & Cloern 2008)
Three or more authors: (Harlow et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the American Philosophical Association
ISSN (print)	2053-4477
ISSN (online)	2053-4485
Scope