How to format your references using the Journal of Terramechanics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Terramechanics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Feng, J.L., 2003. Physics. Searching for gravity’s hidden strength. Science 302, 795–797.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kern, B., Martin, C., 2002. Optical pulsations from the anomalous X-ray pulsar 4U0142+61. Nature 417, 527–529.

A journal article with 3 authors

McPhaden, M.J., Zebiak, S.E., Glantz, M.H., 2006. ENSO as an integrating concept in earth science. Science 314, 1740–1745.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Polonia, A., Bonatti, E., Camerlenghi, A., Lucchi, R.G., Panieri, G., Gasperini, L., 2013. Mediterranean megaturbidite triggered by the AD 365 Crete earthquake and tsunami. Sci. Rep. 3, 1285.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Benitez, M., Davidson, J., Flaxman, L., 2009. Small Schools, Big Ideas. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, USA.

An edited book

Kotlarsky, J., Oshri, I., Willcocks, L.P. (Eds.), 2014. Governing Sourcing Relationships. A Collection of Studies at the Country, Sector and Firm Level: 8th Global Sourcing Workshop 2014, Val d’Isere, France, March 23-26, 2014, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Bona, C., Bona-Casas, C., Palenzuela-Luque, C., 2009. Numerical Methods, in: Palenzuela-Luque, C., Bona-Casas, C. (Eds.), Elements of Numerical Relativity and Relativistic Hydrodynamics: From Einstein’ s Equations to Astrophysical Simulations, Lecture Notes in Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 109–142.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Terramechanics.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Scientists Discover Microbes That Have Remained Essentially Unchanged For 2 Billion Years [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/scientists-discover-microbes-have-remained-essentially-unchanged-2-billion-years/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1977. Human Resources Research and Development Results Can Be Better Managed (No. FPCD-77-43). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gao, S., 2009. Characterization of the TAT cell penetrating peptide and directed evolution of new cell penetrating peptides for protein and nucleotide delivery to neuronal -like cells (Doctoral dissertation). Columbia University, New York, NY.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwirtz, M., 2017. New York City Jails Take Another Blow: Respected Official Is Stepping Down. New York Times A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Feng, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Feng, 2003; Kern and Martin, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kern and Martin, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Polonia et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Terramechanics
Abbreviation	J. Terramech.
ISSN (print)	0022-4898
Scope	Mechanical Engineering