How to format your references using the The New Zealand Medical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The New Zealand Medical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stafford N. Angling saxons. Nature. 2006 Jun 22;441(7096):931.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zwiers FW, Weaver AJ. CLIMATE CHANGE: The Causes of 20th Century Warming. Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2081–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thompson JK, Peterson MR, Freeman RD. Single-neuron activity and tissue oxygenation in the cerebral cortex. Science. 2003 Feb 14;299(5609):1070–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yabuki A, Kamikawa R, Ishikawa SA, Kolisko M, Kim E, Tanabe AS, et al. Palpitomonas bilix represents a basal cryptist lineage: insight into the character evolution in Cryptista. Sci Rep. 2014 Apr 10;4:4641.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tebbani S, Lopes F, Filali R, Dumur D, Pareau D. CO 2 Biofixation by Microalgae. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Saad A, Dahal K, Sarfraz M, Roy R, editors. Soft Computing in Industrial Applications: Recent Trends. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. XIV, 330 p. (Advances in Soft Computing; vol. 39).

A chapter in an edited book

Brezski RJ, Monroe JG. BCR-linked Factors in Developmental Fate Decisions. In: Gupta S, Alt F, Cooper M, Melchers F, Rajewsky K, editors. Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation XI: B Cell Biology. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2007. p. 47–55. (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The New Zealand Medical Journal.

Blog post

Luntz S. Monkeys Capable Of Mathematics. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Technology Assessment: Water in the Energy Sector: Reducing Freshwater Use in Hydraulic Fracturing and Thermoelectric Power Plant Cooling. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015 Aug. Report No.: GAO-15-545.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zbeeb K. Transport and dispersion of fire extinguishing agents downstream from clutter elements of aircraft engine nacelles [Doctoral dissertation]. [Boca Raton, FL]: Florida Atlantic University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Itzkoff D, Bai M, Spitznagel E, Hodgman J, Henig S, Reeves H, et al. The One-Page Magazine. New York Times. 2012 Sep 23;MM11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The New Zealand Medical Journal
ISSN (print)	0028-8446
ISSN (online)	1175-8716
Scope

Research and Writing Guides