How to format your references using the Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jackson ST (2009) History of science. Alexander von Humboldt and the general physics of the Earth. Science 324:596–597

A journal article with 2 authors

Ferrara N, Kerbel RS (2005) Angiogenesis as a therapeutic target. Nature 438:967–974

A journal article with 3 authors

Euston DR, Tatsuno M, McNaughton BL (2007) Fast-forward playback of recent memory sequences in prefrontal cortex during sleep. Science 318:1147–1150

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Hammerl G, Schmehl A, Schulz RR, et al (2000) Enhanced supercurrent density in polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) at 77 K from calcium doping of grain boundaries. Nature 407:162–164

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brenner IR (2010) How to Survive a Medical Malpractice Lawsuit. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, West Sussex, UK

An edited book

Tan DS, Nijholt A (2010) Brain-Computer Interfaces: Applying our Minds to Human-Computer Interaction. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Agassi J, Meidan A (2016) Disputes About General Facts and Theories. In: Meidan A (ed) Beg to Differ: The Logic of Disputes and Argumentation. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 45–58

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy.

Blog post

Davis J (2016) Here’s Something You’ve Never Experienced If You’re Under The Age Of 40. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/heres-something-youve-never-experienced-if-youre-under-the-age-of-40/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1993) [FAA Employees’ Use of Government Vehicles for After-Hours Transportation]. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gullett DL (2017) Lived Experience of Suffering through the 2010 Earthquake in Haiti. Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hirshman L (2008) Where Are the New Jobs for Women? New York Times A35

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
Abbreviation	J. Sustain. Met.
ISSN (print)	2199-3823
ISSN (online)	2199-3831
Scope