How to format your references using the Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wirth BD (2007) Materials science. How does radiation damage materials? Science 318:923–924

A journal article with 2 authors

Laurie B, Doctorow C (2012) Computing: secure the internet. Nature 491:325–326

A journal article with 3 authors

Holland RA, Wikelski M, Wilcove DS (2006) How and why do insects migrate? Science 313:794–796

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Choi T, Lee S, Choi YJ, et al (2009) Switchable ferroelectric diode and photovoltaic effect in BiFeO3. Science 324:63–66

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Raheja DG, Allocco M (2006) Assurance Technologies Principles and Practices. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Castillo O, Pedrycz W, Kacprzyk J (2009) Evolutionary Design of Intelligent Systems in Modeling, Simulation and Control. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Perelman Y, Ginosar R (2008) Integrated Front-End for Neuronal Recording. In: Ginosar R (ed) The NeuroProcessor: An Integrated Interface to Biological Neural Networks. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 27–38

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2015) “Quantum Entangled” Laser Pointers Could Double Data Speed. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2006) Information Technology: Immigration and Customs Enforcement Is Beginning to Address Infrastructure Modernization Program Weaknesses but Key Improvements Still Needed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cao L (2017) Mathematical Modeling of Long-Term Productivity of Hydraulic- and HEG- Fractured Wells in Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoirs. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hartocollis A (2014) Doctor Who Worked on Rivers Steps Down From Post at Medical Clinic. New York Times A15

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
Abbreviation	J. Sustain. Met.
ISSN (print)	2199-3823
ISSN (online)	2199-3831
Scope