How to format your references using the Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Oard DW (2008) Social science. Unlocking the potential of the spoken word. Science 321:1787–1788

A journal article with 2 authors

Lattimer JM, Prakash M (2004) The physics of neutron stars. Science 304:536–542

A journal article with 3 authors

Palenzuela C, Lehner L, Liebling SL (2010) Dual jets from binary black holes. Science 329:927–930

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Serreli V, Lee C-F, Kay ER, Leigh DA (2007) A molecular information ratchet. Nature 445:523–527

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sundar V (2015) Ocean Wave Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Brouns I (2012) Novel Insights in the Neurochemistry and Function of Pulmonary Sensory Receptors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Lee KW, Yau JXR, Said N, et al (2016) Designing a Collaborative Malaysian-Vietnamese Online Writing Project: A Design-Based Research. In: Luaran JE, Sardi J, Aziz A, Alias NA (eds) Envisioning the Future of Online Learning: Selected Papers from the International Conference on e-Learning 2015. Springer, Singapore, pp 53–67

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Can Light Orbit A Black Hole? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/can-light-orbit-black-hole/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996) Information Technology: Best Practices Can Improve Performance and Produce Results. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hinckley M (2014) Socioecological factors that affect adolescent nervousness and depression. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J (2016) Back Home, Crashing on a Couch and Dreaming of Rap Greatness. New York Times C5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
Abbreviation	J. Sustain. Met.
ISSN (print)	2199-3823
ISSN (online)	2199-3831
Scope