How to format your references using the Journal of Surgical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Surgical Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sutherland WJ. Parallel extinction risk and global distribution of languages and species. Nature. 2003;423(6937):276-279.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sattler A, Parkin G. Cleaving carbon-carbon bonds by inserting tungsten into unstrained aromatic rings. Nature. 2010;463(7280):523-526.

A journal article with 3 authors

Su D, Dou S, Wang G. Single crystalline Co3O4 nanocrystals exposed with different crystal planes for Li-O2 batteries. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5767.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Okamoto H, Eguchi R, Hamao S, et al. An extended phenacene-type molecule, [8]phenacene: synthesis and transistor application. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5330.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McLean D. Understanding Aerodynamics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Buchanan MT, Gellel AM, eds. Global Perspectives on Catholic Religious Education in Schools. 1st ed. 2015. Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Bergmann R. Ambient Intelligence for Decision Making in Fire Service Organizations. In: Schiele B, Dey AK, Gellersen H, et al., eds. Ambient Intelligence: European Conference, AmI 2007, Darmstadt, Germany, November 7-10, 2007. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2007:73-90.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Surgical Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. Indigenous Medicine – A Fusion Of Ritual And Remedy. IFLScience. Published January 5, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/indigenous-medicine-fusion-ritual-and-remedy/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Reform Initiatives Can Help Improve Efficiency and Effectiveness. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mazon WE. The Effect of the Breath Builder^TM on Various Lung Functions and Musical Performance Abilities of Clarinet Players. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chapman MM, Saulny S. A Tragedy in Detroit, With a Reality TV Crew in Tow. New York Times. May 22, 2010:A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Surgical Research
Abbreviation	J. Surg. Res.
ISSN (print)	0022-4804
Scope	Surgery