How to format your references using the Journal of Surgical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Surgical Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ovid’ko IA. Materials science. Deformation of nanostructures. Science. 2002;295(5564):2386.

A journal article with 2 authors

Owen J, Hector A. Materials science. Phase-transforming electrodes. Science. 2014;344(6191):1451-1452.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jiang P, Bertone JF, Colvin VL. A lost-wax approach to monodisperse colloids and their crystals. Science. 2001;291(5503):453-457.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Valton E, Amblard C, Wawrzyniak I, Penault-Llorca F, Bamdad M. P-gp expression in brown trout erythrocytes: evidence of a detoxification mechanism in fish erythrocytes. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3422.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Allen M. Foundations of Forensic Document Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Erverdi N. Alveolar Distraction Osteogenesis: ArchWise Appliance and Technique. (Motro M, ed.). Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Kehrl JH, Hwang IY, Park C. Chemoattract Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Lymphocyte Motility and Trafficking. In: Dustin M, McGavern D, eds. Visualizing Immunity. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Springer; 2009:107-127.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Surgical Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. Shape-Shifting Frog Discovered In Ecuador. IFLScience. March 24, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/skin-morphing-frog-discovered-ecuador/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA Infrastructure: Challenges to Achieving Reductions and Efficiencies. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Baker D. Does Team Patient Care Mean Better Patient Outcomes? Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Eder S, Silver-Greenberg J, Cowley S. Watchdog Targeted as an Obama-Era Holdover. New York Times. August 31, 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Surgical Research
Abbreviation	J. Surg. Res.
ISSN (print)	0022-4804
Scope	Surgery