How to format your references using the Journal of Sleep Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Sleep Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Check, E. Biologists seek blueprint for international stem-cell effort. Nature, 2003, 421: 102.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhang, Y., Hayes, J.D. The membrane-topogenic vectorial behaviour of Nrf1 controls its post-translational modification and transactivation activity. Sci. Rep., 2013, 3: 2006.

A journal article with 3 authors

Deitsch, K.W., Calderwood, M.S., Wellems, T.E. Malaria. Cooperative silencing elements in var genes. Nature, 2001, 412: 875–876.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Matsuoka, T., Ahlberg, P.E., Kessaris, N., et al. Neural crest origins of the neck and shoulder. Nature, 2005, 436: 347–355.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wolf, E.L., Medikonda, M. Understanding the Nanotechnology Revolution. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany , 2012.

An edited book

Aslam, M. Drought Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.): Effects, Resistance Mechanisms, Global Achievements and Biological Strategies for Improvement. Springer International Publishing, Cham , 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Krzeszowiec, W., Gabryś, H. Intracellular Movements: Integration at the Cellular Level as Reflected in the Organization of Organelle Movements. In: Wojtaszek, P. (ed.) Mechanical Integration of Plant Cells and Plants. pp. 91–116. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2011).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Sleep Research.

Blog post

Hale, T. World’s Rarest Boa Seen For The First Time In Over 60 Years, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/worlds-rarest-boa-seen-for-the-first-time-in-over-60-years/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Information Technology: SBA Needs to Strengthen Oversight of Its Loan Management and Accounting System Modernization. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC , 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Orbinati, A.G. Spirituality and learning: An exploration into the understanding of spirituality in adult education, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. Justices to See Philip Morris Case a Third Time, 2008.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Check, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Check, 2003; Zhang and Hayes, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zhang and Hayes, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Matsuoka et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Sleep Research
Abbreviation	J. Sleep Res.
ISSN (print)	0962-1105
ISSN (online)	1365-2869
Scope	General Medicine Behavioral Neuroscience Cognitive Neuroscience