How to format your references using the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Scheid JF. HIV-specific B cell response in patients with broadly neutralizing serum activity. Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1175.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tomkins JL, Brown GS. Population density drives the local evolution of a threshold dimorphism. Nature. 2004 Oct 28;431(7012):1099–1103.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fradkin E, Kivelson SA, Oganesyan V. Physics. Electron nematic phase in a transition metal oxide. Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):196–197.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Enquist BJ, Economo EP, Huxman TE, Allen AP, Ignace DD, Gillooly JF. Scaling metabolism from organisms to ecosystems. Nature. 2003 Jun 5;423(6940):639–642.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Taylor TA. Guide to LEED® 2009 Estimating and Preconstruction Strategies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Peter C, Beale R, editors. Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction: From Theory to Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Jiang X, Zhou Y. Discussion. In: Zhou Y, editor. Android Malware. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 31–32.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery.

Blog post

Taub B. We Have 100 Times More “Love Hormone” In Our Blood Than We Thought [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Nov 8 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/we-have-100-times-more-love-hormone-blood-than-thought/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Auto Safety: NHTSA Has Options to Improve the Safety Defect Recall Process. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kim B. Essays in the Dynamics Bayesian Models in Marketing. 2013;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman J. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times. 2017 Sep 15;MM28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ².
This sentence cites two references ^2,4.
This sentence cites four references ^5–8.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Shoulder Elbow Surg.
ISSN (print)	1058-2746
ISSN (online)	1532-6500
Scope	General Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery

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