How to format your references using the Journal of Science Education and Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Science Education and Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Scanlan D (2014) Ecology. Bacterial vesicles in the ocean. Science 343:143–144

A journal article with 2 authors

Siller S, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK. steven.siller@zoo.ox.ac.uk (2001) Sexual selection and the maintenance of sex. Nature 411:689–692

A journal article with 3 authors

Pearson PN, Foster GL, Wade BS (2009) Atmospheric carbon dioxide through the Eocene-Oligocene climate transition. Nature 461:1110–1113

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wang K, Graf D, Li L, et al (2014) Anisotropic giant magnetoresistance in NbSb2. Sci Rep 4:7328

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhu Z, Nandi AK (2014) Automatic Modulation Classification. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Bianchi S (2007) Ultrasound of the Musculoskeletal System. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Kovacic P, Somanathan R (2012) Propoxur: A Novel Mechanism for Insecticidal Action and Toxicity. In: Whitacre DM (ed) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 218. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 141–150

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Science Education and Technology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Insect Exoskeleton Shedding Is Like Having Your Lungs Torn Out. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/insect-exoskeleton-shedding-having-your-lungs-torn-out/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) Air Force ADP: Logistics Systems Modernization Costs Continue to Increase. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

O’Neil DM (2013) Climate frequencies of the early Holocene from Foy Lake, Montana. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M (2013) Differing Views on Value of High School Tests. New York Times SP6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Scanlan 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Siller and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK. steven.siller@zoo.ox.ac.uk 2001; Scanlan 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Siller and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK. steven.siller@zoo.ox.ac.uk 2001)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Science Education and Technology
Abbreviation	J. Sci. Educ. Technol.
ISSN (print)	1059-0145
ISSN (online)	1573-1839
Scope	General Engineering Education