How to format your references using the Journal of Refractive Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Refractive Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Switzer JA. Chemistry. Atomic layer electrodeposition. Science. 2012;338(6112):1300-1301.

A journal article with 2 authors

Glaeser EL, Shleifer A. Retrospective. Gary Becker (1930-2014). Science. 2014;344(6189):1233.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fonseca PJ, Münch D, Hennig RM. How cicadas interpret acoustic signals. Nature. 2000;405(6784):297-298.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mundy NI, Badcock NS, Hart T, Scribner K, Janssen K, Nadeau NJ. Conserved genetic basis of a quantitative plumage trait involved in mate choice. Science. 2004;303(5665):1870-1873.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ghiani G, Laporte G, Musmanno R. Introduction to Logistics Systems Management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Wilson CN, Mustafa SJ, eds. Adenosine Receptors in Health and Disease. Vol 193. Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Suganthan PN. Differential Evolution Algorithm: Recent Advances. In: Dediu AH, Martín-Vide C, Truthe B, eds. Theory and Practice of Natural Computing: First International Conference, TPNC 2012, Tarragona, Spain, October 2-4, 2012. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2012:30-46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Refractive Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew E. Nepal Earthquake May Have ‘Unzipped’ Fault Line, Boosting Risk Of Future Quake. IFLScience. Published August 9, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/nepal-earthquake-may-have-unzipped-fault-line-boosting-risk-future-quake/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. School Bus Safety: Crash Data Trends and Federal and State Requirements. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2017.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zanulabe Din MO. Engineered Synchrony of Bacterial Lysis and Its Applications. Doctoral dissertation. University of California San Diego; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy MJO. Weekend Entertainments From the Archives of The New York Times. New York Times. April 3, 2015:C30.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Refractive Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Refract. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1081-597X
ISSN (online)	1938-2391
Scope	Ophthalmology Surgery