How to format your references using the Journal of Radiation Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Radiation Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Brumfiel G. Cosmology: welcome to the real world. Nature 2003;426:751.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Koch C, Crick F. The zombie within. Nature 2001;411:893.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Maurer SM, Firestone RB, Scriver CR. Science’s neglected legacy. Nature 2000;405:117–20.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Weiss DJ, Nelson A, Gibson HS et al. A global map of travel time to cities to assess inequalities in accessibility in 2015. Nature 2018;553:333–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Safe Storage and Handling of Reactive Materials. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1995.

An edited book

1. Cleophas TJ. Machine Learning in Medicine - Cookbook Three. Zwinderman AH (ed.). Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Prasad GA, Wang KK. Endoscopic Therapy for Early Esophageal Cancer and Premalignant Lesions in Barrett’s Esophagus. In: Faigel DO, Kochman ML (eds.). Endoscopic Oncology: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Cancer Management. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006, 43–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Radiation Research.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Planets With A Companion Have A Better Chance Of Harbouring Life. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Vocational Education: Information on the National Research Center’s Grant Award Process. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Le JT. Support group for women who experience perinatal loss: A grant proposal. 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Crow K. Alicia Keys Is the Talk Of Her Old Neighborhood. New York Times. February 24, 2002:146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Radiation Research
Abbreviation	J. Radiat. Res.
ISSN (print)	0449-3060
ISSN (online)	1349-9157
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiation

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