How to format your references using the Radiography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Radiography (RADI). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Breaker RR. Natural and engineered nucleic acids as tools to explore biology. Nature 2004;432(7019):838–45.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bravo-Abad J., Soljacić M. Physics. A unified picture of laser physics. Science 2008;320(5876):623–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Whitcome KK., Shapiro LJ., Lieberman DE. Fetal load and the evolution of lumbar lordosis in bipedal hominins. Nature 2007;450(7172):1075–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Brueckner F., Hennecke U., Carell T., Cramer P. CPD damage recognition by transcribing RNA polymerase II. Science 2007;315(5813):859–62.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mowlaee P., Kulmer J., Stahl J., Mayer F. Single Channel Phase-Aware Signal Processing in Speech Communication: Theory and Practice, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

Salberg A-B., Hardeberg JY., Jenssen R. Image Analysis: 16th Scandinavian Conference, SCIA 2009, Oslo, Norway, June 15-18, 2009. Proceedings, vol. 5575, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhao S., Han J., Lv J., Jiang X., Hu X., Zhang S., et al. A Multi-stage Sparse Coding Framework to Explore the Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. In: Ourselin S, Joskowicz L, Sabuncu MR, Unal G, and Wells W, editors. Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2016: 19th International Conference, Athens, Greece, October 17-21, 2016, Proceedings, Part I, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 28–36.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Radiography.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Scientists Find Earth’s Geological Birthmarks. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/scientists-find-earth-s-geological-birthmarks/ [accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Amtrak: Acela’s Continued Problems Underscore the Importance of Meeting Broader Challenges in Managing Large-Scale Projects, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Leonard JM. The Effect of Manufacturing Establishments on Local Area per Capita Personal Income in the U.S. 1967-1990. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 2001.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker P. Leaving Stress As More Waits In Trip Abroad. New York Times 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Radiography
Abbreviation	Radiography (Lond.)
ISSN (print)	1078-8174
ISSN (online)	1532-2831
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging

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