How to format your references using the Journal of Quantitative Criminology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Quantitative Criminology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Emsley J (2001) Good news is no news. Nature 413:113

A journal article with 2 authors

Turner SL, Ray A (2009) Modification of CO2 avoidance behaviour in Drosophila by inhibitory odorants. Nature 461:277–281

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang Y, Lu H, Bargmann CI (2005) Pathogenic bacteria induce aversive olfactory learning in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 438:179–184

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Kmita M, Fraudeau N, Hérault Y, Duboule D (2002) Serial deletions and duplications suggest a mechanism for the collinearity of Hoxd genes in limbs. Nature 420:145–150

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Barnett AH, Grice J (2011) New Mechanisms in Glucose Control. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA

An edited book

Witrant E, Fridman E, Sename O, Dugard L (eds) (2016) Recent Results on Time-Delay Systems: Analysis and Control, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Carpenter D (2016) Billing and Coding for Procedures. In: Taylor DA, Sherry SP, Sing RF (eds) Interventional Critical Care: A Manual for Advanced Care Practitioners. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 31–39

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Quantitative Criminology.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) LED Street Lights Thwart Moths’ Bat-Evading Tactics. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/led-street-lights-thwart-moths-bat-evading-tactics/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996) NASA Contract Management. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Luna AC (2009) Analysis of the California Mental Health Services Act. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Branch J (2016) Short, Hard Climb (So He Hoped). New York Times D1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Emsley 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Emsley 2001; Turner and Ray 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Turner and Ray 2009)
Three or more authors: (Kmita et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Quantitative Criminology
Abbreviation	J. Quant. Criminol.
ISSN (print)	0748-4518
ISSN (online)	1573-7799
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine Law