How to format your references using the Journal of Quantitative Criminology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Quantitative Criminology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Loewenstein G (2006) Social science. The pleasures and pains of information. Science 312:704–706

A journal article with 2 authors

Kiermaier E, Sixt M (2015) IMMUNOLOGY. Fragmented communication between immune cells. Science 349:1055–1056

A journal article with 3 authors

Hren MT, Tice MM, Chamberlain CP (2009) Oxygen and hydrogen isotope evidence for a temperate climate 3.42 billion years ago. Nature 462:205–208

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zwierlein MW, Schunck CH, Schirotzek A, Ketterle W (2006) Direct observation of the superfluid phase transition in ultracold Fermi gases. Nature 442:54–58

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Joseph C (2013) Advanced Credit Risk Analysis and Management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Geris L, Gomez-Cabrero D (eds) (2016) Uncertainty in Biology: A Computational Modeling Approach, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Guterch B, Lewandowska-Marciniak H, Mazur M (2015) Source Materials to the Outer Western Carpathian Earthquake of December 3, 1786. In: Guterch B, Kozák J (eds) Studies of Historical Earthquakes in Southern Poland: Outer Western Carpathian Earthquake of December 3, 1786, and First Macroseismic Maps in 1858-1901. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 119–179

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Quantitative Criminology.

Blog post

Davis J (2015) World’s Oceans Are Worth $24 Trillion, According To WWF. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001) Public Education: Meeting the Needs of Students With Limited English Proficiency. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Volle M (2017) Exploring the relationship of meetings to organizational culture and values. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2010) The Best of Rivals And Best of Friends, Then and Always. New York Times F10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Loewenstein 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Loewenstein 2006; Kiermaier and Sixt 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kiermaier and Sixt 2015)
Three or more authors: (Zwierlein et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Quantitative Criminology
Abbreviation	J. Quant. Criminol.
ISSN (print)	0748-4518
ISSN (online)	1573-7799
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine Law