How to format your references using the Journal of Population Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Population Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lederman L (2007) The God particle et al. Nature 448:310–312

A journal article with 2 authors

Thompson JL, Shuttleworth TJ (2013) How many Orai’s does it take to make a CRAC channel? Sci Rep 3:1961

A journal article with 3 authors

Bilham R, Gaur VK, Molnar P (2001) Earthquakes. Himalayan seismic hazard. Science 293:1442–1444

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Haddock SHD, Dunn CW, Pugh PR, Schnitzler CE (2005) Bioluminescent and red-fluorescent lures in a deep-sea siphonophore. Science 309:263

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ibrahim RA (2017) Handbook of Structural Life Assessment. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Andreescu C, Clenci A (eds) (2016) Proceedings of the European Automotive Congress EAEC-ESFA 2015, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Stoilov T, Stoilova K (2012) Portfolio Risk Management Modelling by Bi-level Optimization. In: Lu J, Jain LC, Zhang G (eds) Handbook on Decision Making: Vol 2: Risk Management in Decision Making. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 91–110

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Population Economics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Reintroduce Lynx? Fine, But We Must Control The Apex Predator. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2002) Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellites: Status, Plans, and Future Data Management Challenges. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chung J (2015) Quasi-one-dimensional modeling of an adiabatic-compression preheated Ludwieg tube. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yagoda B (2016) Bohemian Grove. New York Times BR14

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lederman 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Lederman 2007; Thompson and Shuttleworth 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Thompson and Shuttleworth 2013)
Three or more authors: (Haddock et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Population Economics
Abbreviation	J. Popul. Econ.
ISSN (print)	0933-1433
ISSN (online)	1432-1475
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Demography