How to format your references using the Journal of Population Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Population Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sammonds PR (2006) Planetary science. Creep and flow on the icy moons of the outer planets. Science 311:1250–1251

A journal article with 2 authors

Jiang L-L, Perc M (2013) Spreading of cooperative behaviour across interdependent groups. Sci Rep 3:2483

A journal article with 3 authors

Margulies L, Winther G, Poulsen HF (2001) In situ measurement of grain rotation during deformation of polycrystals. Science 291:2392–2394

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Noubissi FK, Elcheva I, Bhatia N, et al (2006) CRD-BP mediates stabilization of betaTrCP1 and c-myc mRNA in response to beta-catenin signalling. Nature 441:898–901

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lindahl D (2008) Trump University Commercial Real Estate 101. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Raza H (ed) (2012) Graphene Nanoelectronics: Metrology, Synthesis, Properties and Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Jespers E, Okniński J (2007) General Noetherian semigroup algebras. In: Okniński J (ed) Noetherian Semigroup Algebras. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 117–147

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Population Economics.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) New Evidence Claims To Support Alternative Theory Of Gravity. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/new-evidence-claims-to-support-alternative-theory-of-gravity/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2002) Electronic Government: Challenges to Effective Adoption of the Extensible Markup Language. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kuang S-YH (2010) “And the War Came”: A memorial to devastated lives. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2017) Where Heathcliff Fears to Tread. New York Times C2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sammonds 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Sammonds 2006; Jiang and Perc 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jiang and Perc 2013)
Three or more authors: (Noubissi et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Population Economics
Abbreviation	J. Popul. Econ.
ISSN (print)	0933-1433
ISSN (online)	1432-1475
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Demography