How to format your references using the Journal of Population Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Population Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Veltman C (2003) Genesis of a high-tech hub. Nature 426:700–704

A journal article with 2 authors

Goulder LH, Stavins RN (2002) Discounting: an eye on the future. Nature 419:673–674

A journal article with 3 authors

Toda S, Stein RS, Sagiya T (2002) Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu islands earthquake swarm that stressing rate governs seismicity. Nature 419:58–61

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Raj L, Ide T, Gurkar AU, et al (2011) Selective killing of cancer cells by a small molecule targeting the stress response to ROS. Nature 475:231–234

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rees PA (2011) An Introduction to Zoo Biology and Management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Patterson J (2010) Solid-State Physics: Introduction to the Theory. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Yengoh GT, Dent D, Olsson L, et al (2016) Key Issues in the Use of NDVI for Land Degradation Assessment. In: Dent D, Olsson L, Tengberg AE, Tucker CJ III (eds) Use of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to Assess Land Degradation at Multiple Scales: Current Status, Future Trends, and Practical Considerations. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 31–35

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Population Economics.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014) Man Films Being Struck By Lightning. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/man-films-being-struck-lightning/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Title I Formula in S. 1513. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gerhart T (2013) Convex optimization techniques and their application in hyperspectral video processing. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M (2014) Encore, for the Curlers and Their Pants. New York Times B15

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Veltman 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Goulder and Stavins 2002; Veltman 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Goulder and Stavins 2002)
Three or more authors: (Raj et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Population Economics
Abbreviation	J. Popul. Econ.
ISSN (print)	0933-1433
ISSN (online)	1432-1475
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Demography