How to format your references using the Journal of Population Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Population Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Serageldin I (2002) The rice genome. World poverty and hunger--the challenge for science. Science 296:54–58

A journal article with 2 authors

Balazs AC, Epstein IR (2009) Chemistry. Emergent or just complex? Science 325:1632–1634

A journal article with 3 authors

Andrews MR, Mitra PP, deCarvalho R (2001) Tripling the capacity of wireless communications using electromagnetic polarization. Nature 409:316–318

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wu L, Yang X, Duan X, et al (2014) Exogenous expression of marine lectins DlFBL and SpRBL induces cancer cell apoptosis possibly through PRMT5-E2F-1 pathway. Sci Rep 4:4505

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Johnson Jr. MD WH, Moller MD JH (2014) Pediatric Cardiology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Benatti F, Fannes M, Floreanini R, Petritis D (eds) (2010) Quantum Information, Computation and Cryptography: An Introductory Survey of Theory, Technology and Experiments. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Garvis S, Tekin AK (2016) A Comparative Study of Early Childhood Teacher self-efficacy for arts Education in Australia and Oman. In: Garvis S, Pendergast D (eds) Asia-Pacific Perspectives on Teacher Self-Efficacy. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, pp 71–85

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Population Economics.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) Being The Victim Of Sexual Cannibalism Is A Good Investment For Male Mantises. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/being-victim-sexual-cannibalism-good-investment-male-mantises/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) FAA Computer Security: Actions Needed to Address Critical Weaknesses That Jeopardize Aviation Operations. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Allard IN (2010) Examining the relationship between organizational culture and performance: Moderators of culture gap. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lyman R, Walsh MW (2013) One City’s Return to Solvency Leaves Big Problem Unsolved. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Serageldin 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Serageldin 2002; Balazs and Epstein 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Balazs and Epstein 2009)
Three or more authors: (Wu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Population Economics
Abbreviation	J. Popul. Econ.
ISSN (print)	0933-1433
ISSN (online)	1432-1475
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Demography