How to format your references using the Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Moczek A P 2011 Evolutionary biology: the origins of novelty Nature 473 34–5

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Goldenfeld N and Woese C 2007 Biology’s next revolution Nature 445 369

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Goldreich P, Lithwick Y and Sari R 2002 Formation of Kuiper-belt binaries by dynamical friction and three-body encounters Nature 420 643–6

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Schultz D, Lu M, Stavropoulos T, Onuchic J and Ben-Jacob E 2013 Turning oscillations into opportunities: lessons from a bacterial decision gate Sci. Rep. 3 1668

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Chassaing R 2004 Digital Signal Processing and Applications with the C6713 and C6416 DSK (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)

An edited book

[1]

Amann H, Arendt W, Hieber M, Neubrander F M, Nicaise S and Below J von 2008 Functional Analysis and Evolution Equations: The Günter Lumer Volume (Basel: Birkhäuser)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Eaton G R, Eaton S S, Barr D P and Weber R T 2010 A More in Depth Look at the EPR Signal Response Quantitative EPR: A Practitioners Guide ed S S Eaton, D P Barr and R T Weber (Vienna: Springer) pp 37–61

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E 2015 Wearable Tech Could Turn Us Into Navel-Gazing Slaves To The Smartwatch IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 2003 Telecommunications: GSA Needs to Improve Process for Awarding Task Orders for Local Service (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Mayfield K M 2010 Project managers’ experience and description of decision uncertainty associated with the agile software development methodology: A phenomenological study Doctoral dissertation (Minneapolis, MN: Capella University)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Poniewozik J 2017 Failure Is an Art Form New York Times C1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
Abbreviation	J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.
ISSN (print)	0022-3727
ISSN (online)	1361-6463
Scope	Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Surfaces, Coatings and Films Acoustics and Ultrasonics Condensed Matter Physics