How to format your references using the Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Vanmaekelbergh D 2015 Materials science: Superlattice substitution Nature 524 418–9

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Tobias S M and Cattaneo F 2013 Shear-driven dynamo waves at high magnetic Reynolds number Nature 497 463–5

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Karl M, Nowak B and Gasenzer T 2013 Tuning universality far from equilibrium Sci. Rep. 3 2394

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Rosengren A H, Jokubka R, Tojjar D, Granhall C, Hansson O, Li D-Q, Nagaraj V, Reinbothe T M, Tuncel J, Eliasson L, Groop L, Rorsman P, Salehi A, Lyssenko V, Luthman H and Renström E 2010 Overexpression of alpha2A-adrenergic receptors contributes to type 2 diabetes Science 327 217–20

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Elias H-G 2009 Macromolecules (Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)

An edited book

[1]

Park D-Y 2016 Legal Issues on Climate Change and International Trade Law (Cham: Springer International Publishing)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Akoumianakis D and Mavraki D 2016 Using Conversational Knowledge Management as a Lens for Virtual Collaboration in the Course of Small Group Activities Intelligent Computing Systems: Emerging Application Areas Studies in Computational Intelligence ed G A Tsihrintzis, M Virvou and L C Jain (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer) pp 115–31

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E 2015 Kidney Failing? Grow A New One IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 2000 Procedures for Updating Arbitrator Disclosure Information (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Khojandi N 2017 Investigating Secondary Infections and their Impact on Host Fitness in the Dictyostelium-Burkholderia Symbiosis System Doctoral dissertation (Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kelly C 2007 From Town’s First Female Officer to County’s First Female Police Chief New York Times WE5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
Abbreviation	J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.
ISSN (print)	0022-3727
ISSN (online)	1361-6463
Scope	Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Surfaces, Coatings and Films Acoustics and Ultrasonics Condensed Matter Physics