How to format your references using the Journal of Photonics for Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Photonics for Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

J. M. Berg, “Science policy: Well-funded investigators should receive extra scrutiny,” Nature 489(7415), 203 (2012).

A journal article with 2 authors

V. Vinson and E. Pennisi, “Synthetic biology. The allure of synthetic biology. Introduction,” Science 333(6047), 1235 (2011).

A journal article with 3 authors

U. Sivars, D. Aivazian, and S. R. Pfeffer, “Yip3 catalyses the dissociation of endosomal Rab-GDI complexes,” Nature 425(6960), 856–859 (2003).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

G. Di Toro et al., “Natural and experimental evidence of melt lubrication of faults during earthquakes,” Science 311(5761), 647–649 (2006).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

I. Gottlieb, Next Generation Excel, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd., 2 Clementi Loop, #02-01, Singapore 129809 (2009).

An edited book

R. Sundmacher, Ed., Color Atlas of Herpetic Eye Diseases: A Practical Guide to Clinical Management, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2009).

A chapter in an edited book

M. Esler, “Sympathetic Neural and Adrenal Medullary Mechanisms in Depression and Panic Disorder,” in Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, P. Hjemdahl, A. Steptoe, and A. Rosengren, Eds., pp. 55–69, Springer, London (2012).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Photonics for Energy.

Blog post

E. Andrew, “Scientists Discover A New Taste,” IFLScience, 24 July 2015, <https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/sweet-bitter-sour-theres-new-taste-town-and-its-fat/> (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, “Education Programs: Information on Major Preschool, Elementary, and Secondary Education Programs,” HEHS-97-210R, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1997).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

R. Kory, “Development of an educational seminar for college female athletes, coaches, athletic directors and parents on the female athlete triad,” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach (2017).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

J. Wagner, “Injuries and Ineffectiveness Lead the Mets to ‘Reorganize and Restructure,’” in New York Times, p. B10 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Photonics for Energy
ISSN (online)	1947-7988
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics