How to format your references using the Journal of Photonics for Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Photonics for Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

R. A. Lovett, “PLANETARY SCIENCE: ‘Spiders’ Channel Mars Polar Ice Cap,” Science 289(5486), 1853a–1854a (2000).

A journal article with 2 authors

N. E. Abrams and J. R. Primack, “Essays on science and society. Cosmology and 21st-century culture,” Science 293(5536), 1769–1770 (2001).

A journal article with 3 authors

T. Zhu, T. Satoh, and K. Kato, “Structural insight into substrate recognition by the endoplasmic reticulum folding-sensor enzyme: crystal structure of third thioredoxin-like domain of UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase,” Sci. Rep. 4, 7322 (2014).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

E. Zeqiraj et al., “Structure of the LKB1-STRAD-MO25 complex reveals an allosteric mechanism of kinase activation,” Science 326(5960), 1707–1711 (2009).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

M.-Y. Leung, I. Y. S. Chan, and C. L. Cooper, Stress Management in the Construction Industry, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2014).

An edited book

H. Kenaan and I. Ferber, Eds., Philosophy’s Moods: The Affective Grounds of Thinking, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2011).

A chapter in an edited book

M. Loog, “Semi-supervised Linear Discriminant Analysis Using Moment Constraints,” in Partially Supervised Learning: First IAPR TC3 Workshop, PSL 2011, Ulm, Germany, September 15-16, 2011, Revised Selected Papers, F. Schwenker and E. Trentin, Eds., pp. 32–41, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2012).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Photonics for Energy.

Blog post

E. Andrew, “Bacteria Could Be Used To Prevent HIV Infections,” IFLScience, 9 October 2015, <https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/microbe-wars-bacteria-could-be-used-prevent-hiv-infections/> (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, “Federal Research: Superconducting Super Collider’s Total Estimated Cost Will Exceed $11 Billion,” T-RCED-93-57, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1993).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

K. G. Weissflug, “Effects of Positive Behavior Support Programs on Student Behaviors,” Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University (2009).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

G. Loomis, “Mozart Is the Big Draw, but Variety Is the Goal,” in New York Times, p. 0 (2013).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Photonics for Energy
ISSN (online)	1947-7988
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics