How to format your references using the Journal of Photonics for Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Photonics for Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

C. Nathan, “Points of control in inflammation,” Nature 420(6917), 846–852 (2002).

A journal article with 2 authors

W. Junge and D. J. Müller, “Biochemistry. Seeing a molecular motor at work,” Science 333(6043), 704–705 (2011).

A journal article with 3 authors

S. Kalisz, D. W. Vogler, and K. M. Hanley, “Context-dependent autonomous self-fertilization yields reproductive assurance and mixed mating,” Nature 430(7002), 884–887 (2004).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

S. Reiter et al., “Elucidating the control and development of skin patterning in cuttlefish,” Nature 562(7727), 361–366 (2018).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Y. S. Lee, Self-Assembly and Nanotechnology Systems, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2011).

An edited book

F. Piazolo and M. Felderer, Eds., Innovation and Future of Enterprise Information Systems: ERP Future 2012 Conference, Salzburg, Austria, November 2012, Revised Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2013).

A chapter in an edited book

R. Spolski and W. J. Leonard, “Interleukin-21: A Pleiotropic Mediator of Immunity and Inflammation with Broad Therapeutic Potential,” in Cytokine Frontiers: Regulation of Immune Responses in Health and Disease, T. Yoshimoto and T. Yoshimoto, Eds., pp. 125–146, Springer Japan, Tokyo (2014).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Photonics for Energy.

Blog post

E. Andrew, “Bizarre Newly Discovered ‘Platypus’ Dinosaur Baffles Scientists,” IFLScience, 27 April 2015, <https://www.iflscience.com/physics/bizarre-new-pick-and-mix-platypus-dinosaur-baffles-scientists/> (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, “Equal Employment Opportunity: Actions Needed for FAA to Implement Committee Recommendations in the Airline Industry,” HRD-89-100, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1989).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

S. M. Warren, “The leadership process: An analysis of follower influence on leader behavior in hospital organizations,” Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University (2015).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

J. Duerden, “Qatar’s World Cup Résumé: Zero Games; 2022 Host,” in New York Times, p. SP3 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Photonics for Energy
ISSN (online)	1947-7988
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics