How to format your references using the Journal of Photonics for Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Photonics for Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

G. Brumfiel, “Keeping up appearances,” Nature 419(6906), 419 (2002).

A journal article with 2 authors

B. C. Sheldon and M. Mangel, “Behavioural ecology: Love thy neighbour,” Nature 512(7515), 381–382 (2014).

A journal article with 3 authors

B.-S. Song, S. Noda, and T. Asano, “Photonic devices based on in-plane hetero photonic crystals,” Science 300(5625), 1537 (2003).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

N. J. Sullivan et al., “Development of a preventive vaccine for Ebola virus infection in primates,” Nature 408(6812), 605–609 (2000).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

T. M. Baban, Shallow Foundations, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2016).

An edited book

D. M. Whitacre, Ed., Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 218, Springer US, Boston, MA (2012).

A chapter in an edited book

R. P. de Morais, “Antitrust and Compulsory Licensing in BRICS and Developing Countries,” in Competition Law Enforcement in the BRICS and in Developing Countries: Legal and Economic Aspects, F. Jenny and Y. Katsoulacos, Eds., pp. 149–167, Springer International Publishing, Cham (2016).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Photonics for Energy.

Blog post

E. Andrew, “Japanese Government Panel Finds ‘Breakthrough’ Stem Cell Study Used Falsified Data,” IFLScience, 1 April 2014, <https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/japanese-government-panel-finds-‘breakthrough’-stem-cell-study-used-falsified/> (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, “Follow Up of Sanitary Conditions in Selected Food Industries,” 089017, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1978).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

K. A. Vento, “The Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on the Subjective Well-Being of Collegiate Athletes,” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach (2017).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

J. R. Oestreich, “Expressive Flair in a New York Debut,” in New York Times, p. C2 (2016).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Photonics for Energy
ISSN (online)	1947-7988
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics