How to format your references using the Journal of Pharmacy Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Pharmacy Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith R. An end to violence. Nature. 2000;406(6796):567.

A journal article with 2 authors

Newman DK, Kolter R. A role for excreted quinones in extracellular electron transfer. Nature. 2000;405(6782):94-97.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kim SF, Huri DA, Snyder SH. Inducible nitric oxide synthase binds, S-nitrosylates, and activates cyclooxygenase-2. Science. 2005;310(5756):1966-1970.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Xiu X, Puskar NL, Shanata JAP, Lester HA, Dougherty DA. Nicotine binding to brain receptors requires a strong cation-pi interaction. Nature. 2009;458(7237):534-537.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kay J, Tasman A. Essentials of Psychiatry. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Mc Kee A, Eraut M, eds. Learning Trajectories, Innovation and Identity for Professional Development. Vol 7. Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Yao LC, McDonald DM. Plasticity of Airway Lymphatics in Development and Disease. In: Kiefer F, Schulte-Merker S, eds. Developmental Aspects of the Lymphatic Vascular System. Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology. Springer; 2014:41-54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Pharmacy Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. Scientists Develop Bioplastic From Food Scraps. IFLScience. Published July 25, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/scientists-develop-bioplastic-food-scraps/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Global Positioning System: Challenges in Sustaining and Upgrading Capabilities Persist. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tang D. Event Detection in Sensor Networks. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. Learning To Make Cheese By Hand. New York Times. August 3, 2008:NJ9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Pharmacy Research
Abbreviation	J. Pharm. Res.
ISSN (print)	0974-6943
Scope	Pharmaceutical Science