How to format your references using the Energy, Sustainability and Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy, Sustainability and Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Deschamps J (2004) Developmental biology. Hox genes in the limb: a play in two acts. Science 304:1610–1611

A journal article with 2 authors

Milne S, Hinde R (2005) Obituary: Joseph Rotblat 1908-2005. Nature 437:634

A journal article with 3 authors

Morgan AD, Gandon S, Buckling A (2005) The effect of migration on local adaptation in a coevolving host-parasite system. Nature 437:253–256

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Alghamedi R, Vasiliev M, Nur-E-Alam M, Alameh K (2014) Spectrally-selective all-inorganic scattering luminophores for solar energy-harvesting clear glass windows. Sci Rep 4:6632

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kuo JB, Lin S-C (2002) Low-Voltage SOI CMOS VLSI Devices and Circuits. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA

An edited book

Marghoob AA (2012) Nevogenesis: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Nevus Development. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Xu F, Lu T (2011) Analysis of Skin Bioheat Transfer. In: Lu T (ed) Introduction to Skin Biothermomechanics and Thermal Pain. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 69–83

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy, Sustainability and Society.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) 1500-Year-Old Amulet With Palindrome Inscription Discovered In Cyprus. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/1500-year-old-amulet-palindrome-inscription-discovered-cyprus/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) [Comments on GAO Legal Opinion on DOT Authority to Requisition Vessels of U.S. Citizens]. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rutherford C (2010) The education of Dr. Khalil Totah. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B (2017) One of Us. New York Times C9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy, Sustainability and Society
Abbreviation	Energy Sustain. Soc.
ISSN (online)	2192-0567
Scope

Research and Writing Guides