How to format your references using the Energy, Sustainability and Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy, Sustainability and Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mathur N (2005) The physics detective: Schrödinger’s mousetrap. Part 2. Nature 433:363

A journal article with 2 authors

Sommaruga R, Kandolf G (2014) Negative consequences of glacial turbidity for the survival of freshwater planktonic heterotrophic flagellates. Sci Rep 4:4113

A journal article with 3 authors

Seto KC, Kaufmann RK, Woodcock CE (2000) Landsat reveals China’s farmland reserves, but they’re vanishing fast. Nature 406:121

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Li T, Liu L, Zhang L, Liu N (2014) Role of G-protein-coupled receptor-related genes in insecticide resistance of the mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. Sci Rep 4:6474

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pan GW (2003) Wavelets in Electromagnetics and Device Modeling. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Renandya WA, Widodo HP (2016) English Language Teaching Today: Linking Theory and Practice. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Buchmann J, Vollmer U (2007) Forms, Bases, Points, and Lattices. In: Vollmer U (ed) Binary Quadratic Forms: An Algorithmic Approach. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 57–84

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy, Sustainability and Society.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) Kissing Your Dog Isn’t Just Gross, It Can Potentially Make You Very Sick. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/kissing-your-dog-isnt-just-gross-it-can-potentially-make-you-very-sick/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2013) Higher Education: Experts Cited a Range of Requirements as Burdensome. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fregoso J (2015) Through the pipeline: Degree aspirations of African American and Latino males enrolled in California community colleges. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E (1998) Patrons Root for the Return of the “Cheers” of Clinton Street. New York Times 147

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy, Sustainability and Society
Abbreviation	Energy Sustain. Soc.
ISSN (online)	2192-0567
Scope

Research and Writing Guides