How to format your references using the Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (JPP). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Martinson BC. Universities and the money fix. Nature 2007; 449(7159): 141–142.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ikegami T, Ganesh G. Watching novice action degrades expert motor performance: causation between action production and outcome prediction of observed actions by humans. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 6989.

A journal article with 3 authors

Webber BL et al. Comment on “Climatic niche shifts are rare among terrestrial plant invaders.” Science 2012; 338(6104): 193; author reply 193.

A journal article with 3 or more authors

Komeda T et al. Lateral hopping of molecules induced by excitation of internal vibration mode. Science 2002; 295(5562): 2055–2058.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Grotewold E et al. Plant Genes, Genomes and Genetics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015.

An edited book

Reissig M, Schulze B-W, eds. New Trends in the Theory of Hyperbolic Equations. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Dorst L, Valkenburg R. Square Root and Logarithm of Rotors in 3D Conformal Geometric Algebra Using Polar Decomposition. In: Dorst L, Lasenby J, eds. Guide to Geometric Algebra in Practice. London: Springer, 2011: 81–104.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Why Emotional Abuse In Childhood May Lead To Migraines In Adulthood. IFLScience 2016. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/why-emotional-abuse-in-childhood-may-lead-to-migraines-in-adulthood/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information on Prime Sponsor CETA Expenditures Related to Membership Organizations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1981.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schliebe MC. Impact of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii ) on benthic community structure in southern California wetlands. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Herrman J. What Will Service Work Look Like Under Amazon? New York Times. July 18, 2017:MM16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Abbreviation	J. Pharm. Pharmacol.
ISSN (print)	0022-3573
ISSN (online)	2042-7158
Scope	Pharmaceutical Science Pharmacology