How to format your references using the Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marte, B.: Tumour heterogeneity. Nature. 501, 327 (2013)

A journal article with 2 authors

Davidson, A.J., Zon, L.I.: Biomedicine. Love, honor, and protect (your liver). Science. 299, 835–837 (2003)

A journal article with 3 authors

Brook, B.W., Sodhi, N.S., Ng, P.K.L.: Catastrophic extinctions follow deforestation in Singapore. Nature. 424, 420–426 (2003)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Gompel, N., Prud’homme, B., Wittkopp, P.J., Kassner, V.A., Carroll, S.B.: Chance caught on the wing: cis-regulatory evolution and the origin of pigment patterns in Drosophila. Nature. 433, 481–487 (2005)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Huber, P.J.: Data Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2011)

An edited book

Johnson, C.F.A.: Shell Scripting Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach. Apress, Berkeley, CA (2015)

A chapter in an edited book

De Haes, S., Van Grembergen, W.: IT-Enabled Value. In: Van Grembergen, W. (ed.) Enterprise Governance of Information Technology: Achieving Alignment and Value, Featuring COBIT 5. pp. 71–101. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2015)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology.

Blog post

Carpineti, A.: Juno Completed Its First Jupiter Flyby, https://www.iflscience.com/space/juno-completed-its-first-jupiter-flyby/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Estimates of Potential Savings by Retiring Two Aircraft Carriers Early. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1988)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bowmar, J.S.: Building Energy Efficiency and Resilience in the United States, One Disaster at a Time: Fostering Green Building Principles through Disaster Assistance, (2012)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Alvarez, L.: Families Hope Words Endure Past Shooting, (2015)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology
ISSN (print)	2196-7202
ISSN (online)	2196-7210
Scope

Research and Writing Guides