How to format your references using the Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

T.D. White, Obituary: F. Clark Howell (1925-2007), Nature 447 (2007) 52.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

E.J. Steig, A.P. Wolfe, Atmospheric science. Sprucing up Greenland, Science 320 (2008) 1595–1596.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

N. Yudkovsky, J.A. Ranish, S. Hahn, A transcription reinitiation intermediate that is stabilized by activator, Nature 408 (2000) 225–229.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

X. Qiu, J. Audet, G. Wong, L. Fernando, A. Bello, S. Pillet, J.B. Alimonti, G.P. Kobinger, Sustained protection against Ebola virus infection following treatment of infected nonhuman primates with ZMAb, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 3365.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

L.S.B. Goldstein, M. Schneider, Stem Cells for Dummies®, Wiley Publishing, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

D.-S. Huang, K.-H. Jo, A. Hussain, eds., Intelligent Computing Theories and Methodologies: 11th International Conference, ICIC 2015, Fuzhou, China, August 20-23, 2015, Proceedings, Part II, 1st ed. 2015, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

S. Escalera, X. Baró, O. Pujol, J. Vitrià, P. Radeva, Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition System, in: X. Baró, O. Pujol, J. Vitrià, P. Radeva (Eds.), Traffic-Sign Recognition Systems, Springer, London, 2011: pp. 81–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing.

Blog post

[1]

T. Hale, Germany, Denmark, And Belgium Unite To Increase EU’s Wind Power By 500 Percent, IFLScience (2017).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Transportation Worker Identification Credential: Card Reader Pilot Results Are Unreliable; Security Benefits Need to Be Reassessed, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S.K. Kashyap, Bit Error Rate Performance of 4x2 Space-Time MIMO-OFDM Conjugate Cancellation Techniques, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

C. J. CHIVERS; Sophia Kishkovsky contributed reporting from Moscow for this article, Local Rebels Said to Join in Chechen Group’s Raids Across Border, New York Times (2004) A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Abbreviation	J. Parallel Distrib. Comput.
ISSN (print)	0743-7315
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Software Theoretical Computer Science