How to format your references using the Food Structure citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Food Structure. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteFind the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
Brock, J. D. (2007). Chemistry. Watching atoms move. Science (New York, N.Y.), 315(5812), 609–610.
A journal article with 2 authors
Shin, J. S., & Abraham, S. N. (2001). Cell biology. Caveolae--not just craters in the cellular landscape. Science (New York, N.Y.), 293(5534), 1447–1448.
A journal article with 3 authors
Murakami, K. S., Masuda, S., & Darst, S. A. (2002). Structural basis of transcription initiation: RNA polymerase holoenzyme at 4 A resolution. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5571), 1280–1284.
A journal article with 8 or more authors
Jansen, C. A., de Geus, E. D., van Haarlem, D. A., van de Haar, P. M., Löndt, B. Z., Graham, S. P., Göbel, T. W., van Eden, W., Brookes, S. M., & Vervelde, L. (2013). Differential lung NK cell responses in avian influenza virus infected chickens correlate with pathogenicity. Scientific Reports, 3, 2478.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
Jacobsson, M., Niemegeers, I., & Heemstra de Groot, S. (2010). Personal Networks. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An edited book
Williams, C. G. (Ed.). (2006). Landscapes, Genomics and Transgenic Conifers (Vol. 9). Springer Netherlands.
A chapter in an edited book
Allan, K. (2016). The Pragmeme of Insult and Some Allopracts. In K. Allan, A. Capone, & I. Kecskes (Eds.), Pragmemes and Theories of Language Use (pp. 69–84). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Food Structure.

Blog post
Andrew, E. (2015, July 16). Male Black Widows Wreck Females’ Webs To Make Them Less Attractive. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/male-black-widows-wreck-females-webs-make-them-less-attractive/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
Government Accountability Office. (1978). Minimum Requirements Are Needed for Colleges and Universities To Justify Research Equipment Purchases (HRD-78-52). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
Allyasin, F. (2010). Low-cost frequency-domain methods of ruby fluorescence lifetime measurements [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
Kelly, D. (1995, October 15). The Pink Sheep. New York Times, 729.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brock, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Brock, 2007; Shin & Abraham, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

  • Two authors: (Shin & Abraham, 2001)
  • Three authors: (Murakami et al., 2002)
  • 6 or more authors: (Jansen et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal titleFood Structure
ISSN (print)2213-3291
ScopeFood Science
Bioengineering
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

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