How to format your references using the Journal of Palliative Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Palliative Medicine (JPM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schlessinger J. Common and distinct elements in cellular signaling via EGF and FGF receptors. Science 2004;306(5701):1506–1507.

A journal article with 2 authors

Parashar UD, Glass RI. Public health. Progress toward rotavirus vaccines. Science 2006;312(5775):851–852.

A journal article with 3 authors

True HL, Berlin I, Lindquist SL. Epigenetic regulation of translation reveals hidden genetic variation to produce complex traits. Nature 2004;431(7005):184–187.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Tanvir NR, Chapman R, Levan AJ, et al. An origin in the local Universe for some short gamma-ray bursts. Nature 2005;438(7070):991–993.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cowan JP. The Effects of Sound on People. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK; 2016.

An edited book

Douglas RG, Krantz SG, Sawyer ET, et al., (eds). The Corona Problem: Connections Between Operator Theory, Function Theory, and Geometry. Fields Institute Communications. Springer: New York, NY; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Kinsley H, McGugan W. Making Things Move. In: Beginning Python Games Development: With Pygame. (McGugan W. ed) Apress: Berkeley, CA; 2015; pp. 83–101.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Palliative Medicine.

Blog post

Hale T. This Presidential Hopeful Has A Rather ... Interesting Theory On Why The Pyramids Were Built. IFLScience; 2015. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/ben-carson-criticized-scientists-not-believing-pyramids-were-build-joseph/ [Last accessed: 10/30/2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA’s Resource Data Base and Techniques for Supporting, Planning, and Controlling Programs Need Improvement. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sharp LM. Creative Nonfiction Illuminated: Cross-Disciplinary Spotlights. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona: Tucson, AZ; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Swansburg J. Men of Summer. New York Times 2017;BR14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Palliative Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Palliat. Med.
ISSN (print)	1096-6218
ISSN (online)	1557-7740
Scope	General Medicine Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine General Nursing