How to format your references using the Journal of Palliative Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Palliative Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bird A. Perceptions of epigenetics. Nature. 2007 May 24;447(7143):396–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Poon AC, Ferrell JE Jr. Systems biology. A clock with a flip switch. Science. 2007 Nov 2;318(5851):757–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Barnes SE, Ieda J, Maekawa S. Rashba spin-orbit anisotropy and the electric field control of magnetism. Sci Rep. 2014 Feb 17;4:4105.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Voulhoux R, Bos MP, Geurtsen J, Mols M, Tommassen J. Role of a highly conserved bacterial protein in outer membrane protein assembly. Science. 2003 Jan 10;299(5604):262–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Agung IGN. Cross Section and Experimental Data Analysis Using Eviews. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

Serpe MJ, Kang Y, Zhang QM, editors. Photonic Materials for Sensing, Biosensing and Display Devices. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. XV, 364 p. 209 illus., 118 illus. in color. (Springer Series in Materials Science; vol. 229).

A chapter in an edited book

Bender M, Zucker J. Assignment Calculus: A Pure Imperative Language. In: Artemov S, Nerode A, editors. Logical Foundations of Computer Science: International Symposium, LFCS 2013, San Diego, CA, USA, January 6-8, 2013 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 44–58. (Hutchison D, Kanade T, Kittler J, Kleinberg JM, Mattern F, Mitchell JC, et al., editors. Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Palliative Medicine.

Blog post

Davis J. A “Hog Apocalypse” Could Be Heading For Feral Pigs In Texas [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/a-hog-apocalypse-could-be-heading-for-feral-pigs-in-texas/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Implementation of OMB Circular No. A-76 at Science Agencies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007 Mar. Report No.: GAO-07-434R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Belflower KE. The relationship between demographic and employment variables of job satisfaction among emergency nurses [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. DJ Khaled Hits Top Of Billboard Chart. New York Times. 2017 Jul 3;C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Palliative Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Palliat. Med.
ISSN (print)	1096-6218
ISSN (online)	1557-7740
Scope	General Medicine Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine General Nursing