How to format your references using the Journal of Palliative Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Palliative Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Finkelstein J. Metalloproteins. Nature. 2009 Aug 13;460(7257):813.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wang H, Glorius F. Chemistry. Lending handedness to the cyclopentadienyl ligand. Science. 2012 Oct 26;338(6106):479–80.

A journal article with 3 authors

McDonald JJ, Teder-Sälejärvi WA, Ward LM. Multisensory integration and crossmodal attention effects in the human brain. Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1791.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

La Scola B, Audic S, Robert C, Jungang L, de Lamballerie X, Drancourt M, et al. A giant virus in amoebae. Science. 2003 Mar 28;299(5615):2033.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhu FXX, Hoehn R, Thakkar V, Yuh E. Hydroprocessing for Clean Energy. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Collins J, Faratin P, Parsons S, Rodriguez-Aguilar JA, Sadeh NM, Shehory O, et al., editors. Agent-Mediated Electronic Commerce and Trading Agent Design and Analysis: AAMAS 2007 Workshop, AMEC 2007, Honolulu, Hawaii, May 14, 2007, and AAAI 2007 Workshop, TADA 2007, Vancouver, Canada, July 23, 2007, Selected and Revised Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. XII, 241 p. (Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing; vol. 13).

A chapter in an edited book

Haus N, Zimmermann S, Sures B. Precious Metals in Urban Aquatic Systems: Platinum, Palladium and Rhodium: Sources, Occurrence, Bioavailability and Effects. In: Fatta-Kassinos D, Bester K, Kümmerer K, editors. Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle: Mass Flows, Environmental Processes, Mitigation and Treatment Strategies. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010. p. 73–86. (Environmental Pollution).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Palliative Medicine.

Blog post

Fang J. New Dinosaur Was Largest Known Terrestrial Predator Of The Jurassic [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-dinosaur-was-largest-known-terrestrial-predator-jurassic/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. International Education Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978 Jul. Report No.: 094706.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dias J. Factors associated with poor oral health among older adults [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. Notes From the Underground: New Yorkers Share Their Subway Stories. New York Times. 2002 Dec 22;146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Palliative Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Palliat. Med.
ISSN (print)	1096-6218
ISSN (online)	1557-7740
Scope	General Medicine Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine General Nursing