How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bunk S. Better microscopes will be instrumental in nanotechnology development. Nature. 2001;410(6824):127-129.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kovács AD, Pearce DA. Location- and sex-specific differences in weight and motor coordination in two commonly used mouse strains. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2116.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bruskotter JT, Enzler SA, Treves A. Science and law. Rescuing wolves from politics: wildlife as a public trust resource. Science. 2011;333(6051):1828-1829.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Tian H, Yang Y, Xie D, et al. Wafer-scale integration of graphene-based electronic, optoelectronic and electroacoustic devices. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3598.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Holsclaw G. Transcending Subjects. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Shaikh SH. Moving Object Detection Using Background Subtraction. (Saeed K, Chaki N, eds.). Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Ju S, Kim Y, Jeong S, et al. Gamma-Ray Dose-Rate Dependence on Radiation Resistance of Specialty Optical Fiber with Inner Cladding Layers. In: Ribeiro PA, Raposo M, eds. Photoptics 2014: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology Revised Selected Papers. Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer International Publishing; 2016:51-65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedics.

Blog post

Hale T. This Man Lived Without His Heart For Over A Year. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. John P. Abbadessa, 1947-1962. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alsaadi A. Smart Smoke and Fire Detection with Wireless and Global System for Mobile Technology. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy MJO. Friday File: A Household of April Fool’s Jokes. New York Times. April 1, 2016:C27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedics
Abbreviation	J. Orthop.
ISSN (print)	0972-978X
Scope