How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma (JOT). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Blow N. Transcriptomics: The digital generation. Nature. 2009;458:239–242.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hilfinger A, Paulsson J. Systems biology: Defiant daughters and coordinated cousins. Nature. 2015;519:422–423.

A journal article with 3 authors

Okita K, Ichisaka T, Yamanaka S. Generation of germline-competent induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature. 2007;448:313–317.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Rodrigues ASL, Ewers RM, Parry L, et al. Boom-and-bust development patterns across the Amazon deforestation frontier. Science. 2009;324:1435–1437.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Richter DH. Reading the Eighteenth-Century Novel. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017.

An edited book

McInnis B. HTML5 Game Programming with enchant.js. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Piroi F, Zenz V. Evaluating Information Retrieval in the Intellectual Property Domain: The Clef–Ip Campaign. In: Lupu M, Mayer K, Tait J, et al., eds. Current Challenges in Patent Information Retrieval. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011:87–108.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma.

Blog post

Fang J. Giant Bat Walked On All Fours 16 Million Years Ago in New Zealand [IFLScience]. June 19, 2015. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/giant-bat-walked-all-fours-16-million-years-ago-new-zealand/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Weather Forecasting: Improvements Needed in Laboratory Software Development Processes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Beck AJ. Determining Bed Failure Depth in Unconsolidated Submarine Sediments Using Particles in Cell Numerical Modeling. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Concert Settings Fit for a Romanov. New York Times. 2001:53.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Trauma
ISSN (print)	0890-5339
ISSN (online)	1531-2291
Scope	General Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery