How to format your references using the Chemistry and Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chemistry and Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Tosatti E. Physics. Fullerides in a squeeze. Science. 2009;323:1570–1571.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Jackson MG, Carlson RW. An ancient recipe for flood-basalt genesis. Nature. 2011;476:316–319.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Foulquier S, Steckelings UM, Unger T. Perspective: A tale of two receptors. Nature. 2013;493:S9.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Han T, Yuan T, Li B, et al. Homogeneous thermal cloak with constant conductivity and tunable heat localization. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1593.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Exposito E, Diop C. Smart SOA Platforms in Cloud Computing Architectures. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Halaburda H. Beyond Bitcoin: The Economics of Digital Currencies. Sarvary M, editor. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Gerasymova K. Expressing Grammatical Meaning with Morphology: A Case Study for Russian Aspect. In: Steels L, editor. Computational Issues in Fluid Construction Grammar: A New Formalism for the Representation of Lexicons and Grammars. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 91–122.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chemistry and Ecology.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Rising Atmospheric CO2 Has Lead To A Global “Greening” Effect [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/rising-atmospheric-co2-has-lead-greening-effect/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Airport Finance: Past Funding Levels May Not Be Sufficient to Cover Airports’ Planned Capital Development. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003. Report No.: GAO-03-497T. .

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Horton CR. Financial crisis within the nonprofit sector [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Saslow L. Roosevelt District Faces An Uncertain Future. New York Times. 2007 Jul 1;LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Chemistry and Ecology
Abbreviation	Chem. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	0275-7540
ISSN (online)	1029-0370
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics General Earth and Planetary Sciences General Environmental Science Ecology

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